{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225344834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aebe96","title":"Machine learning-based cloud recognition from all-sky camera data for WFST observation optimization","display_name":"Machine learning-based cloud recognition from all-sky camera data for WFST observation optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225344834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aebe96"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-4527/aebe96","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aebe96","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aebe96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174657117","display_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"1674-4527","issn":["1674-4527","2397-6209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160799981","display_name":"Zeyu Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["USTC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USTC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121751066","display_name":"Wentao Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-6142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-6142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281447","display_name":"Hefei Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpw6b41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405281447"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405281447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160964787","display_name":"Zihang Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["USTC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USTC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160800511","display_name":"Feng Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["USTC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USTC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056677379","display_name":"Zhihao Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-8947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-8947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["USTC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USTC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102407532","display_name":"Yuchen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-9647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-9647","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5444-5531","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9358-5403"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["USTC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USTC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046920270","display_name":"Qingfeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-8946","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-8946"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing-feng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["USTC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USTC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109338636","display_name":"Ning Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0362-4716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0362-4716","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-3621"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["USTC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USTC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130362532","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian WANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["USTC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USTC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130362532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.5112000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.5112000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14163","display_name":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","score":0.31520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.03530000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-detection","display_name":"cloud detection","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-sky-camera","display_name":"all-sky camera","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-field-survey-telescope","display_name":"wide-field survey telescope","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dinov2","display_name":"DINOv2","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision-transformer","display_name":"vision transformer","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handcrafted-features","display_name":"handcrafted features","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lunar-illumination","display_name":"lunar illumination","score":0.4950000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6633999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6272000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164085508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4811327","display_name":"Matthews correlation coefficient","level":3,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98856871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588488","display_name":"Radial basis function","level":3,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780848835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4213","display_name":"Telescope","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992734406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413267","display_name":"One shot","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019835501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1310130","display_name":"Single shot","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150627866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076893","display_name":"Field of view","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983946233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4088109","display_name":"Nearest neighbour","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1674-4527/aebe96","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aebe96","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/aebe96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174657117","display_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"1674-4527","issn":["1674-4527","2397-6209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013170850","https://openalex.org/W4282984372","https://openalex.org/W4394806971","https://openalex.org/W7167040319","https://openalex.org/W2949199804","https://openalex.org/W1948196501","https://openalex.org/W4408653618","https://openalex.org/W4322766168","https://openalex.org/W2584156879","https://openalex.org/W1878216218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"To":[1],"support":[2,131],"cloud-aware":[3,244],"observations":[4],"with":[5,78,134,144,196],"the":[6,24,75,98,160,177,211],"Wide":[7],"Field":[8],"Survey":[9],"Telescope":[10],"(WFST),":[11],"we":[12],"built":[13],"a":[14,90,130,135,229],"region-level":[15,43,237],"dataset":[16,34],"from":[17,74],"400":[18],"nighttime":[19],"all-sky":[20],"images":[21],"acquired":[22],"at":[23],"Lenghu":[25],"site":[26],"between":[27],"October":[28],"2023":[29],"and":[30,40,109,129,151,159,182,192,206,243],"September":[31],"2024.":[32],"The":[33,45,122,215],"covered":[35],"123":[36],"nonconsecutive":[37],"observing":[38],"nights":[39],"comprised":[41],"12,800":[42],"samples.":[44],"valid":[46],"sky":[47],"area":[48],"in":[49,185],"each":[50,57,96],"image":[51],"was":[52,93,169],"divided":[53],"into":[54],"32":[55],"regions,":[56],"assigned":[58],"one":[59],"of":[60,97,124,148,176],"three":[61,187],"labels:":[62],"\"cloud-free,\"":[63],"\"partially":[64],"obscured,\"":[65],"or":[66],"\"fully":[67],"obscured.\"":[68],"Frozen":[69],"Vision":[70],"Transformer":[71],"(ViT)":[72],"encoders":[73],"DINO":[76],"(self-distillation":[77],"no":[79],"labels)":[80],"family":[81],"were":[82,113],"shared":[83],"across":[84,210],"regions":[85],"for":[86,95,153,239],"feature":[87,104,180],"extraction,":[88],"while":[89],"separate":[91],"classifier":[92],"trained":[94],"four":[99,212],"radial":[100,136,213],"levels.":[101,214],"Four":[102],"handcrafted":[103,179,197],"sets":[105],"served":[106],"as":[107,236],"baselines,":[108],"95":[110],"representation-classifier":[111],"configurations":[112],"compared":[114],"using":[115],"five-fold":[116,145],"cross-validation":[117],"grouped":[118],"by":[119],"observation":[120],"night.":[121],"combination":[123],"DINOv2":[125],"ViT-S/14":[126],"class-token":[127],"features":[128],"vector":[132],"machine":[133],"basis":[137],"function":[138],"kernel":[139],"(RBF":[140],"SVM)":[141],"performed":[142],"best,":[143],"mean":[146],"values":[147],"91.69%,":[149],"91.48%,":[150],"0.8757":[152],"balanced":[154,167],"accuracy,":[155],"macro-averaged":[156],"F1":[157],"score,":[158],"Matthews":[161],"correlation":[162],"coefficient":[163],"(MCC),":[164],"respectively.":[165],"Its":[166],"accuracy":[168],"7.12":[170],"percentage":[171],"points":[172],"higher":[173,202],"than":[174],"that":[175,233],"best":[178],"configuration":[181,200],"exceeded":[183],"90%":[184],"all":[186],"lunar-illumination":[188],"groups":[189],"(bright,":[190],"gray,":[191],"dark":[193],"nights).":[194],"Compared":[195],"features,":[198],"this":[199],"achieved":[201],"overall":[203],"classification":[204],"performance":[205,208],"smaller":[207],"differences":[209],"regional":[216],"predictions":[217],"can":[218,234],"be":[219],"mapped":[220],"back":[221],"to":[222,227],"their":[223],"original":[224],"spatial":[225,230],"positions":[226],"produce":[228],"cloud-cover":[231],"map":[232],"serve":[235],"input":[238],"WFST":[240],"dynamic":[241],"scheduling":[242],"observations.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}