{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225344494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213975","title":"Differences in Microbial Community Succession and Caproic Acid Metabolic Dynamics in Upper-Layer Fermenting Grains Between Aged and New Pits During Strong-Flavor Baijiu Fermentation","display_name":"Differences in Microbial Community Succession and Caproic Acid Metabolic Dynamics in Upper-Layer Fermenting Grains Between Aged and New Pits During Strong-Flavor Baijiu Fermentation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225344494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15213975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213975","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100724841","display_name":"Huimin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-7830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-7830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70908550","display_name":"Anhui Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/041sj0284","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070386835","display_name":"Kangjie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3725-3265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3725-3265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70908550","display_name":"Anhui Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/041sj0284","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangjie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156658795","display_name":"Qiang Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Jinyuwan Distillery Co., Ltd., Fuyang 236500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Jinyuwan Distillery Co., Ltd., Fuyang 236500, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103670059","display_name":"Li Zhen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70908550","display_name":"Anhui Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/041sj0284","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160965218","display_name":"Yongqing Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Jinyuwan Distillery Co., Ltd., Fuyang 236500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Jinyuwan Distillery Co., Ltd., Fuyang 236500, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133701529","display_name":"Tianwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-0056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-0056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70908550","display_name":"Anhui Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/041sj0284","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408213","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-5609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-5609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70908550","display_name":"Anhui Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/041sj0284","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160831219","display_name":"Yan Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70908550","display_name":"Anhui Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/041sj0284","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100724841","https://openalex.org/A5160831219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70908550"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"3975","last_page":"3975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10750","display_name":"Fermentation and Sensory Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10750","display_name":"Fermentation and Sensory Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14150","display_name":"Biochemical and biochemical processes","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-flavor-baijiu","display_name":"strong-flavor Baijiu","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hexanoic-acid","display_name":"hexanoic acid","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethyl-caproate","display_name":"ethyl caproate","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-succession","display_name":"microbial succession","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butyrate","display_name":"butyrate","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethyl-esters","display_name":"ethyl esters","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethyl-lactate","display_name":"ethyl lactate","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethyl-butyrate","display_name":"ethyl butyrate","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-saccharomyces-yeasts","display_name":"non-Saccharomyces yeasts","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candida","display_name":"Candida","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactobacillus","display_name":"Lactobacillus","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediococcus","display_name":"Pediococcus","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weissella","display_name":"Weissella","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucor","display_name":"Mucor","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-microbial-communities","display_name":"synthetic microbial communities","score":0.7120000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908570505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422597","display_name":"Caproic Acid","level":2,"score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.8485000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193213","display_name":"Butyric acid","level":2,"score":0.6718000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6456000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777477808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407595","display_name":"Metabolite","level":2,"score":0.6158000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776979534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193213","display_name":"Butyrate","level":3,"score":0.5821999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81407943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149178","display_name":"Microbial population biology","level":3,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4173974","display_name":"Flavor","level":2,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196235758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3333419","display_name":"Primary metabolite","level":3,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779097540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415418","display_name":"Ethyl lactate","level":3,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52708203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6950796","display_name":"Fermentation in food processing","level":4,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529335014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41534","display_name":"Starch","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779815552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484583","display_name":"Proline","level":3,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778455645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412270","display_name":"Ethyl butyrate","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170835558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17153","display_name":"Amylase","level":3,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15213975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods15213975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15213975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058588691","https://openalex.org/W2414820426","https://openalex.org/W2884201844","https://openalex.org/W2996933448","https://openalex.org/W3012623665","https://openalex.org/W3030441098","https://openalex.org/W3094181275","https://openalex.org/W3166578508","https://openalex.org/W3183252614","https://openalex.org/W3191941421","https://openalex.org/W3193480439","https://openalex.org/W3195625795","https://openalex.org/W4210604456","https://openalex.org/W4220849704","https://openalex.org/W4224236482","https://openalex.org/W4225426783","https://openalex.org/W4283034958","https://openalex.org/W4293473893","https://openalex.org/W4313312837","https://openalex.org/W4319984252","https://openalex.org/W4328135952","https://openalex.org/W4377115684","https://openalex.org/W4378527671","https://openalex.org/W4382982984","https://openalex.org/W4384930647","https://openalex.org/W4388948876","https://openalex.org/W4390956383","https://openalex.org/W4391167918","https://openalex.org/W4392126426","https://openalex.org/W4392163673","https://openalex.org/W4394796295","https://openalex.org/W4399044787","https://openalex.org/W4399672253","https://openalex.org/W4399738924","https://openalex.org/W4401567068","https://openalex.org/W4401844476","https://openalex.org/W4402665975","https://openalex.org/W4403190630","https://openalex.org/W4403277748","https://openalex.org/W4404055536","https://openalex.org/W4405186891","https://openalex.org/W4405814701","https://openalex.org/W4406610406","https://openalex.org/W4406831839","https://openalex.org/W4406849875","https://openalex.org/W4406865817","https://openalex.org/W4408160046","https://openalex.org/W4408253100","https://openalex.org/W4409726182","https://openalex.org/W4411572867","https://openalex.org/W4412699391","https://openalex.org/W4412710128","https://openalex.org/W4412855929","https://openalex.org/W4412975518","https://openalex.org/W4413106527","https://openalex.org/W4413297745","https://openalex.org/W4414462539","https://openalex.org/W4414552931","https://openalex.org/W4414708402","https://openalex.org/W4415828111","https://openalex.org/W4416300616","https://openalex.org/W4416425148","https://openalex.org/W7125580004","https://openalex.org/W7135071246","https://openalex.org/W7139990119","https://openalex.org/W7140233176","https://openalex.org/W7155639706","https://openalex.org/W7160176559","https://openalex.org/W7160284515","https://openalex.org/W7164801153","https://openalex.org/W7167473979","https://openalex.org/W7167890613","https://openalex.org/W7171726073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164801153","https://openalex.org/W4399738924","https://openalex.org/W4406849875","https://openalex.org/W3183252614","https://openalex.org/W7102401350","https://openalex.org/W6959610010","https://openalex.org/W4213449396","https://openalex.org/W4416300616","https://openalex.org/W4406898837","https://openalex.org/W4214688500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Caproic":[0],"acid":[1,85,165],"and":[2,20,27,34,48,63,72,87,98,101,170],"its":[3],"ester":[4,124],"ethyl":[5,138,141,152],"caproate":[6],"are":[7],"the":[8,43,88,111,135,178,181],"characteristic":[9],"flavor":[10],"compounds":[11],"of":[12,51,96,106,132,134,180],"Chinese":[13],"strong-flavor":[14],"Baijiu":[15],"(CSFB),":[16],"yet":[17],"their":[18],"synthesis":[19,76,86],"esterification":[21,171],"in":[22,83,117,147,187,194],"upper-layer":[23],"fermenting":[24],"grains":[25],"(UFG),":[26],"how":[28],"these":[29],"processes":[30],"differ":[31],"between":[32],"new":[33],"aged":[35],"pits,":[36],"remain":[37],"unclear.":[38],"Compared":[39],"with":[40,123],"aged-pit":[41,118,148],"UFG,":[42,119,188],"physicochemical":[44],"parameters,":[45],"microbial":[46],"communities,":[47],"metabolite":[49],"dynamics":[50],"new-pit":[52,91,127,195],"UFG":[53,92,128],"likewise":[54],"followed":[55],"a":[56],"largely":[57],"similar":[58],"three-stage":[59],"pattern:":[60],"early":[61],"acidification":[62],"starch":[64],"consumption":[65],"(2\u20138":[66],"d),":[67,71],"mid-stage":[68],"stabilization":[69],"(10\u201320":[70],"late":[73],"secondary":[74],"acid/ester":[75],"(30\u201360":[77],"d).":[78],"The":[79],"critical":[80],"divergence":[81],"lay":[82],"butyric/caproic":[84],"eukaryotic":[89],"community:":[90],"produced":[93],"lower":[94,130],"amounts":[95],"butyric":[97,158],"caproic":[99,164],"acids,":[100],"was":[102,143],"dominated":[103],"by":[104],"taxa":[105],"unclear":[107],"fermentative":[108],"relevance,":[109],"lacking":[110],"non-Saccharomyces":[112],"yeasts":[113],"(Kazachstania,":[114],"Candida)":[115],"enriched":[116],"whose":[120],"abundances":[121],"correlated":[122],"accumulation.":[125],"Specifically,":[126],"yielded":[129],"concentrations":[131],"three":[133],"four":[136],"major":[137],"esters,":[139],"whereas":[140],"lactate":[142],"consistently":[144],"higher":[145],"than":[146],"UFG;":[149],"yet,":[150],"notably,":[151],"butyrate":[153],"accumulated":[154],"despite":[155],"nearly":[156],"undetectable":[157],"acid.":[159],"Correlation":[160],"analyses":[161],"identified":[162],"candidate":[163],"producers":[166],"(Lactobacillus,":[167],"Pediococcus,":[168],"Weissella)":[169],"contributors":[172],"(Candida,":[173],"Mucor).":[174],"These":[175],"findings":[176],"highlight":[177],"importance":[179],"predicted":[182],"maturity-driven":[183],"metabolic\u2013ecological":[184],"network":[185],"integrity":[186],"suggesting":[189],"potential":[190],"for":[191],"synthetic-microbiome":[192],"strategies":[193],"fermentation.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
