{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225335147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4071/001c.173628","title":"X-Ray Computed Tomography and Laminography Measurements of a 3D-Stacked IC","display_name":"X-Ray Computed Tomography and Laminography Measurements of a 3D-Stacked IC","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225335147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4071/001c.173628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4071/001c.173628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4071/001c.173628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4071/001c.173628","pdf_url":"https://imapsource.org/article/173628.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197219","display_name":"IMAPSource Proceedings","issn_l":"2380-4505","issn":["2380-4505"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365380702","host_organization_name":"International Microelectronics Assembly and Packaging Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365380702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Microelectronics Assembly and Packaging Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMAPSource Proceedings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://imapsource.org/article/173628.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011960016","display_name":"Felix Hoyean Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-9500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-9500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix H. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075805439","display_name":"Orion Kafka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092778","display_name":"QuesTek (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00py6j950","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orion Kafka","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology","QuesTek Innovations, LLC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"QuesTek Innovations, LLC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160953140","display_name":"Istiaq F. Shiam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Istiaq F. Shiam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida","ficonTec"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ficonTec","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011478145","display_name":"Adam L. Pintar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-2576","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-2576"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam L. Pintar","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051590398","display_name":"John Henry J. Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-2110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-2110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Henry J. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077927135","display_name":"John A. Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-3551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-3551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgetown University","National Institute of Standards and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058681514","display_name":"Jessie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3189-2586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3189-2586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085074016","display_name":"Navid Asadizanjani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-4463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-4463","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3347-5072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navid Asadizanjani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"Symposium","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11183","display_name":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","score":0.5282999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11183","display_name":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","score":0.5282999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.2712000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"computed tomography","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-stacked-integrated-circuits","display_name":"3D stacked integrated circuits","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-destructive-testing","display_name":"non-destructive testing","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-integration","display_name":"heterogeneous integration","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flip-chip","display_name":"flip-chip packaging","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laminate-substrates","display_name":"laminate substrates","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-reconstruction","display_name":"3D reconstruction","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-artifacts","display_name":"image artifacts","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acquisition-time","display_name":"acquisition time","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"image quality","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5001999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780722187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412356","display_name":"Silicon carbide","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79635011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175805","display_name":"Semiconductor device","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550372918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861","display_name":"Gallium","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777431650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413828","display_name":"Silicon nitride","level":3,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778871202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411713","display_name":"Gallium nitride","level":3,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4071/001c.173628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4071/001c.173628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4071/001c.173628","pdf_url":"https://imapsource.org/article/173628.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197219","display_name":"IMAPSource Proceedings","issn_l":"2380-4505","issn":["2380-4505"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365380702","host_organization_name":"International Microelectronics Assembly and Packaging Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365380702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Microelectronics Assembly and Packaging Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMAPSource Proceedings","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4071/001c.173628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4071/001c.173628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4071/001c.173628","pdf_url":"https://imapsource.org/article/173628.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197219","display_name":"IMAPSource Proceedings","issn_l":"2380-4505","issn":["2380-4505"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365380702","host_organization_name":"International Microelectronics Assembly and Packaging Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365380702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Microelectronics Assembly and Packaging Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IMAPSource Proceedings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225335147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225335147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967300472","https://openalex.org/W1977849232","https://openalex.org/W2067399754","https://openalex.org/W2096238251","https://openalex.org/W2134120396","https://openalex.org/W2157812230","https://openalex.org/W2891893709","https://openalex.org/W4252713891","https://openalex.org/W4401560423","https://openalex.org/W4408392964","https://openalex.org/W4416874865","https://openalex.org/W7128425606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415990567","https://openalex.org/W4416882725","https://openalex.org/W2583760310","https://openalex.org/W1677002023","https://openalex.org/W2147079648","https://openalex.org/W4401560423","https://openalex.org/W7164197071","https://openalex.org/W2205453350","https://openalex.org/W4415977336","https://openalex.org/W3003323123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advanced":[0],"semiconductor":[1],"packages":[2],"manufactured":[3],"using":[4],"heterogeneous":[5],"integration":[6],"techniques":[7],"challenge":[8],"many":[9,26],"conventional":[10],"non-destructive":[11,28],"testing":[12,29],"processes.":[13],"A":[14],"three-dimensional":[15],"(3D)":[16],"structure":[17],"of":[18,108,142],"stacked":[19,82],"integrated":[20],"circuits":[21],"(ICs),":[22],"for":[23,46,118,136,139],"example,":[24],"complicates":[25],"existing":[27],"techniques.":[30],"X-ray-based":[31,57],"imaging":[32,59,124],"methods,":[33],"on":[34,76,86,105],"the":[35,41,48,109,128],"other":[36],"hand,":[37],"can":[38],"fully":[39],"penetrate":[40],"part":[42],"and":[43,65,101,123,132],"are":[44,70,111,116],"ideal":[45],"visualizing":[47],"complex":[49],"3D":[50,58,106],"heterogeneity.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"research,":[54],"two":[55],"related":[56],"techniques,":[60],"X-ray":[61,66],"computed":[62,67],"tomography":[63],"(XCT)":[64],"laminography":[68],"(XCL),":[69],"used":[71],"to":[72],"measure":[73],"over-molded":[74],"modules":[75],"a":[77,133],"laminate":[78],"substrate":[79],"that":[80],"includes":[81],"flip-chip":[83],"Gallium":[84],"Nitride":[85],"Silicon":[87],"Carbide":[88],"(GaN-on-SiC)":[89],"dies.":[90],"Differences":[91],"between":[92],"XCT":[93,95],"instruments,":[94],"instruments":[96],"versus":[97],"an":[98],"XCL":[99],"instrument,":[100],"acquisition":[102,121],"parameter":[103],"settings":[104],"reconstructions":[107],"sample":[110],"explored.":[112],"Reference":[113],"measurement":[114],"results":[115],"compared":[117],"image":[119],"quality,":[120],"time,":[122],"artifacts.":[125],"We":[126],"discuss":[127],"current":[129],"capabilities,":[130],"limitations,":[131],"potential":[134],"outlook/roadmap":[135],"improving":[137],"throughput":[138],"these":[140],"types":[141],"instruments.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
