{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225334993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","title":"Hospital incentives and implementation support for appropriate adoption of robotic surgery: a scoping review and evidence-informed framework","display_name":"Hospital incentives and implementation support for appropriate adoption of robotic surgery: a scoping review and evidence-informed framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225334993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42983107","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13736304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74104863","display_name":"Journal of Robotic Surgery","issn_l":"1863-2483","issn":["1863-2483","1863-2491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Robotic Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051918746","display_name":"Pouyan Esmaeilzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-8112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-8112","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2718-0956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pouyan Esmaeilzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Florida International University, Miami, USA. pesmaeil@fiu.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-8112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Florida International University, Miami, USA. pesmaeil@fiu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032786861","display_name":"Shirin Hasavari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5471-7708","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5471-7708","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6840-4026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirin Hasavari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Systems, Morgan State University, Baltimore, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Systems, Morgan State University, Baltimore, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051918746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"apc_paid":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67131063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.23690000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10629","display_name":"Health Policy Implementation Science","score":0.23690000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.18440000712871552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12053","display_name":"Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques","score":0.14270000159740448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotic-surgery","display_name":"robotic surgery","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-adoption","display_name":"surgical adoption","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-support","display_name":"implementation support","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-training","display_name":"surgical training","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proficiency-based-training","display_name":"proficiency-based training","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-payments","display_name":"industry payments","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-room-access","display_name":"operating room access","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credentialing","display_name":"credentialing","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-staffing","display_name":"surgical staffing","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/com-b-model","display_name":"COM-B model","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operative-time","display_name":"operative time","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-costs","display_name":"surgical costs","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7573000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.6276999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3859990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382996","display_name":"Incentive program","level":3,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776204158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7156607","display_name":"Pay for performance","level":3,"score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61904560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148359","display_name":"Grey literature","level":3,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141330323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2354820","display_name":"Evidence-based practice","level":3,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208158","display_name":"Diagnosis-related group","level":3,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174106493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057880","display_name":"External validity","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127454912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781332184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7156780","display_name":"Payment by Results","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777896191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907655","display_name":"Patient experience","level":3,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5395021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061410","display_name":"Program evaluation","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006761","descriptor_name":"Hospitals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74104863","display_name":"Journal of Robotic Surgery","issn_l":"1863-2483","issn":["1863-2483","1863-2491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Robotic Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13736304","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13736304/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13736304/pdf/11701_2026_Article_4142.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Robot Surg","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42983107","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42983107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of robotic surgery","raw_type":"Scoping Review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11701-026-04142-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74104863","display_name":"Journal of Robotic Surgery","issn_l":"1863-2483","issn":["1863-2483","1863-2491"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Robotic Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225334993.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225334993.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1875145339","https://openalex.org/W2081753990","https://openalex.org/W2110034024","https://openalex.org/W2136608905","https://openalex.org/W2138205622","https://openalex.org/W2299177375","https://openalex.org/W2364450135","https://openalex.org/W2426693543","https://openalex.org/W2560438049","https://openalex.org/W2765304416","https://openalex.org/W2885403606","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2901724277","https://openalex.org/W2990334140","https://openalex.org/W3000214625","https://openalex.org/W3005401587","https://openalex.org/W3022009422","https://openalex.org/W3022914346","https://openalex.org/W3043131022","https://openalex.org/W3092419658","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W4293493111","https://openalex.org/W4296124676","https://openalex.org/W4308805625","https://openalex.org/W4385211215","https://openalex.org/W4403451039","https://openalex.org/W4409355743","https://openalex.org/W7125909666","https://openalex.org/W7143331303","https://openalex.org/W7160852551","https://openalex.org/W7164171342","https://openalex.org/W7204008921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2313295754","https://openalex.org/W7171861906","https://openalex.org/W7128179171","https://openalex.org/W4401418864","https://openalex.org/W7214663316","https://openalex.org/W4293493111","https://openalex.org/W7025239161","https://openalex.org/W3082644272","https://openalex.org/W2321496750","https://openalex.org/W4415169752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hospitals":[0],"that":[1],"acquire":[2],"robotic-assisted":[3],"surgery":[4],"(RAS)":[5],"platforms":[6],"often":[7],"seek":[8],"to":[9,63,125,132,163,178,197],"increase":[10],"utilization,":[11],"yet":[12],"surgeons":[13],"and":[14,21,35,48,60,70,73,84,118,153,157,168,174,192,200,238],"operating-room":[15],"teams":[16],"bear":[17],"the":[18,105,111,126,171,195],"learning,":[19],"coordination,":[20],"early":[22],"efficiency":[23],"costs":[24],"of":[25,43,58,110,128,215],"adoption.":[26],"This":[27],"scoping":[28],"review":[29],"mapped":[30],"evidence":[31,106,196],"on":[32],"hospital":[33,101],"incentives":[34],"broader":[36],"implementation":[37],"support":[38,123,223],"for":[39,205],"appropriate":[40],"surgeon":[41],"adoption":[42],"RAS.":[44],"Following":[45],"JBI":[46],"guidance":[47],"a":[49,100,184,202,213,219,230,234],"registered":[50],"protocol,":[51],"we":[52,182],"searched":[53],"PubMed/MEDLINE,":[54],"Embase,":[55],"Scopus,":[56],"Web":[57],"Science,":[59],"IEEE":[61],"Xplore":[62],"September":[64],"2026,":[65],"supplemented":[66],"by":[67],"Google":[68],"Scholar":[69],"citation":[71],"searching,":[72],"reported":[74],"findings":[75],"following":[76],"PRISMA-ScR.":[77],"Two":[78],"reviewers":[79],"independently":[80],"screened":[81],"1,058":[82],"records":[83],"included":[85,97],"17":[86],"sources":[87],"(12":[88],"empirical":[89,113],"studies;":[90],"five":[91],"reviews":[92],"or":[93,122,131],"recommendation":[94],"documents).":[95],"No":[96],"source":[98],"evaluated":[99],"incentive":[102,121],"program,":[103],"so":[104],"was":[107],"indirect.":[108],"Nine":[109],"12":[112],"studies":[114,159],"used":[115],"US":[116],"data,":[117],"none":[119],"linked":[120,146],"exposure":[124],"appropriateness":[127],"patient":[129,133],"selection":[130],"outcomes.":[134],"Industry":[135],"payments":[136],"were":[137],"associated":[138],"with":[139,149,207],"greater":[140],"robotic":[141,239],"use;":[142],"one":[143],"observational":[144],"evaluation":[145],"proficiency-based":[147],"training":[148],"shorter":[150],"operative":[151],"times":[152],"lower":[154],"unadjusted":[155],"costs;":[156],"qualitative":[158],"identified":[160],"barriers":[161],"related":[162],"training,":[164],"staffing,":[165],"operating":[166,190],"access,":[167],"credentialing.":[169],"Using":[170],"capability,":[172,189],"opportunity,":[173,191],"motivation":[175],"(COM-B)":[176],"model":[177],"organize":[179],"these":[180],"findings,":[181],"propose":[183],"four-layer":[185],"framework":[186,211],"(clinical":[187],"justification,":[188],"governance),":[193],"map":[194],"each":[198],"layer,":[199],"specify":[201],"minimum":[203],"configuration":[204],"hospitals":[206],"limited":[208],"resources.":[209],"The":[210],"is":[212],"set":[214],"testable":[216],"proposals,":[217],"not":[218,244],"validated":[220],"intervention.":[221],"Hospital":[222],"appears":[224],"most":[225],"defensible":[226],"when":[227],"it":[228],"addresses":[229],"documented":[231],"barrier":[232],"within":[233],"clinically":[235],"justified":[236],"service,":[237],"case":[240],"volume":[241],"alone":[242],"does":[243],"adequately":[245],"measure":[246],"program":[247],"success.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}