{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225334875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","title":"Body image dissatisfaction and self-confidence as predictors of happiness in pregnant women in T\u00fcrki\u0307ye: a cross-sectional study","display_name":"Body image dissatisfaction and self-confidence as predictors of happiness in pregnant women in T\u00fcrki\u0307ye: a cross-sectional study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225334875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123732490","display_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","issn_l":"1471-2393","issn":["1471-2393"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091229857","display_name":"Evrim Bayraktar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2914-197X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2914-197X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87673952","display_name":"Erciyes University","ror":"https://ror.org/047g8vk19","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87673952"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evrim Bayraktar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2914-197X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87673952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033950356","display_name":"\u0130pek Turhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4632-7928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4632-7928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127232","display_name":"Kayseri E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi","ror":"https://ror.org/02ysppy04","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127232"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0130pek Turhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4632-7928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117498494","display_name":"K\u00fcbra Apayd\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-5659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-5659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87673952","display_name":"Erciyes University","ror":"https://ror.org/047g8vk19","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87673952"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurseli Soylu Erener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-5659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87673952"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091229857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87673952"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10786","display_name":"Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10786","display_name":"Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10263","display_name":"Eating Disorders and Behaviors","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-dissatisfaction","display_name":"body dissatisfaction","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-confidence","display_name":"self-confidence","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/happiness","display_name":"happiness","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"pregnancy","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnant-women","display_name":"pregnant women","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"gestational diabetes mellitus","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-well-being","display_name":"psychological well-being","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-mental-health","display_name":"maternal mental health","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkey","display_name":"Turkey","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8","display_name":"Happiness","level":2,"score":0.9243999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5885999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779434492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126691","display_name":"Gestational diabetes","level":4,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776210078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351870","display_name":"Reproductive medicine","level":3,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117179","display_name":"Life satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7456400","display_name":"Subjective well-being","level":3,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123732490","display_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","issn_l":"1471-2393","issn":["1471-2393"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10160-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123732490","display_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","issn_l":"1471-2393","issn":["1471-2393"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169727291","https://openalex.org/W2998566567","https://openalex.org/W2287561467","https://openalex.org/W2803084730","https://openalex.org/W4398778184","https://openalex.org/W4296783566","https://openalex.org/W2187561612","https://openalex.org/W4414207806","https://openalex.org/W4389266074","https://openalex.org/W2791985780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pregnancy":[0,116],"is":[1],"characterized":[2],"by":[3],"substantial":[4],"physical":[5],"and":[6,17,23,59,63,81,98,123,131,146,158,168,233,313,332,335],"psychological":[7,18],"changes":[8],"that":[9,29],"may":[10,30],"influence":[11],"women\u2019s":[12],"perceptions":[13],"of":[14,55,93,267,309,317],"their":[15],"bodies":[16],"well-being.":[19],"Body":[20,113,173,275],"image":[21,57,174,211,276,294,312],"dissatisfaction":[22,58,175,212,277,295],"self-confidence":[24,60,190,226,284,314],"are":[25,338],"important":[26],"psychosocial":[27,318],"factors":[28,66],"be":[31,330],"associated":[32,68,214,244,253,280,287],"with":[33,61,69,84,179,194,215,245,254,281,288,292],"happiness":[34,62,70,180,195,217,255,271,289],"during":[35,290,320],"pregnancy.":[36],"However,":[37],"studies":[38,337],"simultaneously":[39],"examining":[40],"the":[41,53,89,108,139,204,268,297,301,307,324],"relationships":[42,328],"among":[43,71],"these":[44],"variables":[45],"remain":[46],"limited.":[47],"This":[48,74],"study":[49,76],"aimed":[50],"to":[51,64],"examine":[52],"associations":[54],"body":[56,210,293,311],"identify":[65],"independently":[67],"pregnant":[72,86],"women.":[73],"cross-sectional":[75,325],"was":[77,176,191,213,251,278,285],"conducted":[78],"between":[79],"August":[80],"December":[82],"2023":[83],"164":[85],"women":[87],"attending":[88],"Perinatology":[90],"Outpatient":[91],"Clinic":[92],"Erciyes":[94],"University":[95],"Health":[96],"Application":[97],"Research":[99],"Center":[100],"in":[101,115,270,300],"Kayseri,":[102],"T\u00fcrkiye.":[103],"Data":[104],"were":[105,136,142,161,243],"collected":[106],"using":[107],"Pregnant":[109],"Woman":[110],"Information":[111],"Form,":[112],"Image":[114],"Scale":[117,121],"(BIPS),":[118],"Women\u2019s":[119],"Self-Confidence":[120],"(WSCS),":[122],"Oxford":[124],"Happiness":[125],"Questionnaire\u2013Short":[126],"Form":[127],"(OHQ-SF).":[128],"Spearman":[129],"correlation":[130],"hierarchical":[132,206],"linear":[133],"regression":[134,207],"analyses":[135],"performed.":[137],"Among":[138],"participants,":[140],"51.8%":[141],"aged":[143],"30\u201335":[144],"years":[145],"64.6%":[147],"had":[148],"a":[149],"master\u2019s":[150],"or":[151],"doctoral":[152],"degree.":[153],"The":[154,262],"mean":[155],"BIPS,":[156],"OHQ-SF,":[157],"WSCS":[159],"scores":[160],"76.18":[162],"\u00b1":[163,166,170],"18.83,":[164],"22.26":[165],"3.15,":[167],"140.93":[169],"10.90,":[171],"respectively.":[172],"negatively":[177,252,279],"correlated":[178,193],"(":[181,196],"r":[182,197],"=":[183,198,219,228,231,238,241,257,260,273],"\u2212":[184],"0.428,":[185],"p":[186,200,221,230,240,259],"<":[187,201,222],"0.001),":[188,223],"whereas":[189,224,283],"positively":[192,286],"0.288,":[199],"0.001).":[202],"In":[203],"final":[205,263],"model,":[208],"greater":[209,246],"lower":[216],"(\u03b2":[218,227,237,256],"\u22120.528,":[220],"higher":[225,234],"0.174,":[229],"0.013)":[232],"educational":[235],"level":[236],"0.191,":[239],"0.009)":[242],"happiness.":[247],"Gestational":[248],"diabetes":[249],"mellitus":[250],"\u22120.254,":[258],"0.003).":[261],"model":[264],"explained":[265],"35.2%":[266],"variance":[269],"(R\u00b2":[272],"0.352).":[274],"happiness,":[282],"pregnancy,":[291],"showing":[296],"strongest":[298],"association":[299],"multivariable":[302],"model.":[303],"These":[304],"findings":[305],"highlight":[306],"importance":[308],"considering":[310],"as":[315],"components":[316],"well-being":[319],"antenatal":[321],"care.":[322],"Given":[323],"design,":[326],"causal":[327],"cannot":[329],"established,":[331],"further":[333],"longitudinal":[334],"intervention":[336],"warranted.":[339]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}