{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225334143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag263","title":"A microfluidic model of bacterial keratitis to quantify the efficacy of anti-infective compounds under flow","display_name":"A microfluidic model of bacterial keratitis to quantify the efficacy of anti-infective compounds under flow","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225334143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag263","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jambio/lxag263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag263","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jambio/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jambio/lxag263/73131022/lxag263.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39794811","display_name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","issn_l":"1364-5072","issn":["1364-5072","1365-2672"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jambio/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jambio/lxag263/73131022/lxag263.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029644665","display_name":"Lucy Urwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-8630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-8630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Urwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","The Florey Institute of Infection, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Florey Institute of Infection, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084016057","display_name":"James H. R. Wheeler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8677-5086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8677-5086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H R Wheeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool Department of Clinical Infection, , Liverpool ,","School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool Department of Clinical Infection, , Liverpool ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012236367","display_name":"Paige A. Wolverson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2709-0686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2709-0686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paige A Wolverson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","The Florey Institute of Infection, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Florey Institute of Infection, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051885856","display_name":"Luke R. Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-2041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2836-2041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke R Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","The Florey Institute of Infection, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Florey Institute of Infection, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052945723","display_name":"Mahendra P. Raut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6919-3467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6919-3467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahendra Raut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078840639","display_name":"Esther Karunakaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-4319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-4319"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Karunakaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical, Materials, and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103092561","display_name":"Lynda J. Partridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-9747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-9747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynda J Partridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048725428","display_name":"Peter N. Monk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-3059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-3059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter N Monk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043515678","display_name":"William M. Durham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-4705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-4705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William M Durham","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8827-4705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029644665","https://openalex.org/A5043515678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":2864,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3777},"apc_paid":{"value":2864,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3777},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":0.018799999728798866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11828","display_name":"Corneal Surgery and Treatments","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-keratitis","display_name":"bacterial keratitis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-flow","display_name":"fluid flow","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-adhesion","display_name":"bacterial adhesion","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-corneal-epithelial-cells","display_name":"human corneal epithelial cells","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudomonas-aeruginosa","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heparin","display_name":"heparin","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-adhesion-therapy","display_name":"anti-adhesion therapy","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corneal-infection","display_name":"corneal infection","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tears","display_name":"tears","score":0.4690000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.6694999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.6452000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777637488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31856","display_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","level":3,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.614799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757838","display_name":"Keratitis","level":2,"score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84416704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188666","display_name":"Adhesion","level":2,"score":0.5454999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781424430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462093","display_name":"Flow conditions","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776882836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168291","display_name":"Cornea","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553184892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141429","display_name":"Flow cytometry","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777334864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34879","display_name":"Staphylococcal infections","level":4,"score":0.2639000117778778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jambio/lxag263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag263","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jambio/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jambio/lxag263/73131022/lxag263.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39794811","display_name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","issn_l":"1364-5072","issn":["1364-5072","1365-2672"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42986190","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of applied microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jambio/lxag263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag263","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jambio/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jambio/lxag263/73131022/lxag263.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39794811","display_name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","issn_l":"1364-5072","issn":["1364-5072","1365-2672"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1784790701","display_name":"COVID 19 Grant Extension Allocation University of Sheffield","funder_award_id":"EP/V520469/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3179328607","display_name":"How do bacteria sense and navigate chemical gradients within biofilms?","funder_award_id":"BB/R018383/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5812391937","display_name":"Adhesion to host cell membrane microdomains in cornea as an antimicrobial target to prevent corneal ulceration","funder_award_id":"MR/S004688/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G676500909","display_name":"Sheffield antimicrobial resistance network - SHAMROK","funder_award_id":"EP/M027430/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8471743930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"173280","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311674","funder_display_name":"Humane Research Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311674","display_name":"Humane Research Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke3rf23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225334143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225334143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141368745","https://openalex.org/W6999783801","https://openalex.org/W2050646400","https://openalex.org/W2094107621","https://openalex.org/W188705667","https://openalex.org/W3099981592","https://openalex.org/W2994363628","https://openalex.org/W3007126279","https://openalex.org/W2140000787","https://openalex.org/W184697499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIMS:":[0],"Bacterial":[1],"infections":[2],"of":[3,15,27,45,53,120,147,155,193,233,249],"the":[4,25,43,96,118,191,247],"cornea,":[5],"also":[6],"known":[7,40],"as":[8],"bacterial":[9,47,133,243],"keratitis,":[10],"are":[11],"a":[12,62,126,136],"major":[13],"cause":[14],"blindness.":[16],"The":[17],"corneal":[18,54,73,188],"surface":[19],"is":[20,39],"protected":[21],"against":[22],"infection":[23,55,207,234],"by":[24],"flow":[26,38,80,203,241],"tear":[28],"fluid,":[29],"which":[30,99],"displaces":[31],"potential":[32],"pathogens":[33],"and":[34,48,71,89,103,245],"debris.":[35],"Whilst":[36],"fluid":[37,143,194,202],"to":[41,65,93,108,116,131,187,211],"influence":[42],"behaviour":[44],"both":[46,156],"epithelial":[49,74],"cells,":[50],"most":[51],"models":[52,208,232],"use":[56,86,113],"static":[57],"conditions.":[58,81],"Here,":[59],"we":[60,162],"develop":[61],"microfluidic":[63,160,231],"model":[64,161,227],"directly":[66],"visualise":[67],"interactions":[68],"between":[69],"bacteria":[70],"human":[72],"cells":[75,189],"(HCE2)":[76],"in":[77,190,205],"physiologically":[78],"relevant":[79],"METHODS":[82],"AND":[83],"RESULTS:":[84],"We":[85,111],"high-resolution":[87],"microscopy":[88],"automated":[90],"image":[91],"analysis":[92],"continuously":[94],"quantify":[95],"rate":[97],"at":[98],"Staphylococcus":[100],"aureus":[101,174],"(SH1000)":[102],"Pseudomonas":[104],"aeruginosa":[105,185],"(PAO1)":[106],"adhere":[107],"HCE2":[109,148,166],"monolayers.":[110],"then":[112],"this":[114],"system":[115],"investigate":[117],"effects":[119],"pre-treatment":[121,179],"with":[122,150,168],"unfractionated":[123],"heparin":[124],"(UFH),":[125],"putative":[127,217],"therapeutic":[128],"compound":[129],"thought":[130],"inhibit":[132],"adhesion.":[134],"Using":[135],"traditional,":[137],"well":[138],"plate-based":[139],"assay":[140],"that":[141,164,200],"lacks":[142],"flow,":[144],"prior":[145],"treatment":[146],"monolayers":[149,167],"UFH":[151,169,178],"significantly":[152],"reduced":[153,172],"adhesion":[154,186],"species.":[157],"In":[158],"our":[159],"found":[163],"pre-treating":[165],"again":[170],"sharply":[171],"S.":[173],"adhesion,":[175],"but":[176],"surprisingly,":[177],"had":[180],"no":[181],"effect":[182],"on":[183],"P.":[184],"presence":[192],"flow.":[195],"CONCLUSIONS:":[196],"Our":[197],"findings":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"incorporating":[201],"into":[204,239],"vitro":[206],"can":[209,235],"lead":[210],"qualitatively":[212],"different":[213],"outcomes":[214],"when":[215],"screening":[216],"anti-adhesion":[218],"therapies.":[219],"These":[220],"findings,":[221],"obtained":[222],"using":[223],"two":[224],"widely":[225],"studied":[226],"strains,":[228],"illustrate":[229],"how":[230,240],"offer":[236],"valuable":[237],"insights":[238],"influences":[242],"keratitis":[244],"guide":[246],"development":[248],"new":[250],"treatments.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}