{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225333162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","title":"Enhanced Markov clustering with reverse k-nearest neighbors, min\u2013max expansion, and adaptive local pruning","display_name":"Enhanced Markov clustering with reverse k-nearest neighbors, min\u2013max expansion, and adaptive local pruning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225333162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81770430","display_name":"Knowledge and Information Systems","issn_l":"0219-1377","issn":["0219-1377","0219-3116"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160796699","display_name":"Le Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Le Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80100, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80100, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160796374","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80100, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80100, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037846871","display_name":"Pasi Fr\u00e4nti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-2827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-2827"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasi Fr\u00e4nti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80100, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, 80100, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160796699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-clustering","display_name":"Markov clustering","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-partitioning","display_name":"graph partitioning","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-k-nearest-neighbors","display_name":"reverse k nearest neighbors","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-construction","display_name":"graph construction","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter-optimization","display_name":"hyperparameter optimization","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-clustering","display_name":"graph clustering","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7936000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.7290999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4927999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94641424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172845","display_name":"Correlation clustering","level":3,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27964816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164359","display_name":"Constrained clustering","level":5,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33704608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014717","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144817290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2976575","display_name":"Biclustering","level":5,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22648726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523744","display_name":"Single-linkage clustering","level":5,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227360","display_name":"Data stream clustering","level":5,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184509293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5136711","display_name":"Clustering high-dimensional data","level":3,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167984511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17003931","display_name":"Brown clustering","level":5,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22047676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898680","display_name":"Clustering coefficient","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81770430","display_name":"Knowledge and Information Systems","issn_l":"0219-1377","issn":["0219-1377","0219-3116"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10115-026-02925-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81770430","display_name":"Knowledge and Information Systems","issn_l":"0219-1377","issn":["0219-1377","0219-3116"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge and Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310055","display_name":"It\u00e4-Suomen Yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225333162.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225333162.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151377110","https://openalex.org/W1783384641","https://openalex.org/W1841961408","https://openalex.org/W2125464731","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2131971232","https://openalex.org/W2149857793","https://openalex.org/W2157632716","https://openalex.org/W2165835468","https://openalex.org/W2264549447","https://openalex.org/W2295256067","https://openalex.org/W2473077095","https://openalex.org/W2781869913","https://openalex.org/W2811066984","https://openalex.org/W2897249806","https://openalex.org/W2966453304","https://openalex.org/W3159340099","https://openalex.org/W3208871442","https://openalex.org/W4200397946","https://openalex.org/W4210432992","https://openalex.org/W4213170202","https://openalex.org/W4235169531","https://openalex.org/W4281844812","https://openalex.org/W4291910380","https://openalex.org/W4393405194","https://openalex.org/W4393405242","https://openalex.org/W4398152822","https://openalex.org/W4399780586","https://openalex.org/W4406416300","https://openalex.org/W4406891765","https://openalex.org/W4416899259","https://openalex.org/W6945407781","https://openalex.org/W7223840919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403323210","https://openalex.org/W7061085539","https://openalex.org/W2367805476","https://openalex.org/W4200397946","https://openalex.org/W2003379341","https://openalex.org/W4281844812","https://openalex.org/W2116477200","https://openalex.org/W7100368265","https://openalex.org/W7160832777","https://openalex.org/W2136384819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Markov":[1,59],"clustering":[2,8,60,149],"(MCL)":[3],"is":[4,144],"a":[5,84,113],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"algorithm":[9],"for":[10,33,87],"graph":[11,30,71],"data":[12,153],"partitioning.":[13],"However,":[14],"it":[15],"suffers":[16],"from":[17],"three":[18,64],"key":[19],"limitations:":[20],"the":[21,27,41,100],"lack":[22],"of":[23,29],"theoretical":[24],"investigation":[25],"into":[26],"reliability":[28],"construction":[31],"methods":[32],"MCL,":[34],"difficulty":[35],"in":[36],"parameter":[37],"expansion":[38,95,102],"tuning,":[39],"and":[40,106,108,143],"reliance":[42],"on":[43,132,151],"global":[44,125],"pruning":[45,115,126],"strategies":[46],"that":[47,97,117,136],"ignore":[48],"local":[49,129],"structural":[50],"variations.":[51],"To":[52],"address":[53],"these":[54],"issues,":[55],"we":[56,74],"propose":[57],"enhanced":[58],"(EMC),":[61],"which":[62,73],"introduces":[63],"innovations:":[65],"(1)":[66],"A":[67,93],"theoretically":[68],"supported":[69],"RkNN-based":[70],"construction,":[72],"demonstrate":[75],"to":[76],"be":[77],"consistent":[78],"with":[79,146],"MCL\u2019s":[80],"inflow,":[81],"thereby":[82],"providing":[83],"principled":[85],"basis":[86],"identifying":[88],"natural":[89],"cluster":[90],"centers;":[91],"(2)":[92],"minimal-but-maximal":[94],"strategy":[96],"adaptively":[98],"determines":[99],"optimal":[101],"power,":[103],"preventing":[104],"over-merging":[105],"fragmentation;":[107],"(3)":[109],"Local":[110],"adaptive":[111],"pruning,":[112],"column-wise":[114],"mechanism":[116],"removes":[118],"weak":[119],"inter-cluster":[120],"edges":[121],"more":[122],"effectively":[123],"than":[124],"while":[127,154],"preserving":[128],"structure.":[130],"Experiments":[131],"benchmark":[133],"datasets":[134],"show":[135],"EMC":[137],"generally":[138],"outperforms":[139],"existing":[140],"MCL":[141],"variants":[142],"competitive":[145],"other":[147],"effective":[148],"algorithms":[150],"tabular":[152],"reducing":[155],"hyperparameter":[156],"tuning":[157],"complexity.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}