{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225330772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213497","title":"Superimposed Intramammary Infection with Staphylococcus hominis Under Different Pre-Existing Infection Conditions in Bovine Udder: Bacterial Dynamics, Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress","display_name":"Superimposed Intramammary Infection with Staphylococcus hominis Under Different Pre-Existing Infection Conditions in Bovine Udder: Bacterial Dynamics, Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225330772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ani16213497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168508","display_name":"Animals","issn_l":"2076-2615","issn":["2076-2615"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213497","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010485575","display_name":"Wasana Chaisri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-2662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-2662"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48076826","display_name":"Chiang Mai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2fqn25","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wasana Chaisri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-2662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017340347","display_name":"Duanghathai Saipinta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-8691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-8691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48076826","display_name":"Chiang Mai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2fqn25","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duanghathai Saipinta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-8691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080403249","display_name":"Montira Intanon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-6897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-6897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48076826","display_name":"Chiang Mai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2fqn25","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montira Intanon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017290189","display_name":"Noppason Pangprasit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-9129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-9129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96916377","display_name":"Walailak University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b69g067","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96916377"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noppason Pangprasit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-9129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96916377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035649436","display_name":"Anyaphat Srithanasuwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-7187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-7187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913481162","display_name":"Wageningen University & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anyaphat Srithanasuwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049064766","display_name":"Witaya Suriyasathaporn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2327-195X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2327-195X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48076826","display_name":"Chiang Mai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2fqn25","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP","TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Witaya Suriyasathaporn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Overseas Campus, Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan","Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2327-195X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Overseas Campus, Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049064766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826","https://openalex.org/I60134161"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"3497","last_page":"3497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11226","display_name":"Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11226","display_name":"Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11688","display_name":"Microbial infections and disease research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10098","display_name":"Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-hominis","display_name":"Staphylococcus hominis","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superinfection","display_name":"superinfection","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bovine-mastitis","display_name":"bovine mastitis","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intramammary-infection","display_name":"intramammary infection","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-dynamics","display_name":"bacterial dynamics","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammary-inflammation","display_name":"mammary gland inflammation","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malondialdehyde","display_name":"malondialdehyde","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-cell-count","display_name":"somatic cell count","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coinfection","display_name":"co-infection","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dairy-cows","display_name":"dairy cattle","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835061","display_name":"Mastitis","level":2,"score":0.7851999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.7333999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778401633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418661","display_name":"Malondialdehyde","level":3,"score":0.7088000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.553600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113280763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2326546","display_name":"Subclinical infection","level":2,"score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777334864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34879","display_name":"Staphylococcal infections","level":4,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776792119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917352","display_name":"Somatic cell count","level":5,"score":0.43290001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020196126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammatory response","level":3,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779288629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199695","display_name":"Staphylococcus","level":4,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777983669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223143","display_name":"Granulocyte","level":2,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134305767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725508","display_name":"Somatic cell","level":3,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779791424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310707","display_name":"Streptococcus uberis","level":4,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778001805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189961","display_name":"Mammary gland","level":4,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779617845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563808","display_name":"Superinfection","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775838275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410776","display_name":"Superoxide dismutase","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogen","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020296196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative damage","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78604142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640582","display_name":"Fight-or-flight response","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57600042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227564","display_name":"Oxidative phosphorylation","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ani16213497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168508","display_name":"Animals","issn_l":"2076-2615","issn":["2076-2615"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animals","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ani16213497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16213497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168508","display_name":"Animals","issn_l":"2076-2615","issn":["2076-2615"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321529","display_name":"Chiang Mai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2fqn25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979461688","https://openalex.org/W2000542114","https://openalex.org/W2017662501","https://openalex.org/W2019201499","https://openalex.org/W2044977887","https://openalex.org/W2069090663","https://openalex.org/W2072616370","https://openalex.org/W2074116370","https://openalex.org/W2086838022","https://openalex.org/W2093807332","https://openalex.org/W2123958668","https://openalex.org/W2153141043","https://openalex.org/W2154195229","https://openalex.org/W2211602987","https://openalex.org/W2215749311","https://openalex.org/W2414356043","https://openalex.org/W2606023561","https://openalex.org/W2790099907","https://openalex.org/W2894805676","https://openalex.org/W2897806289","https://openalex.org/W2919747284","https://openalex.org/W3004961811","https://openalex.org/W3098510695","https://openalex.org/W3127220629","https://openalex.org/W3209701162","https://openalex.org/W4200048667","https://openalex.org/W4221012187","https://openalex.org/W4287510499","https://openalex.org/W4297222852","https://openalex.org/W4321782740","https://openalex.org/W4327740827","https://openalex.org/W4383100558","https://openalex.org/W4393934830","https://openalex.org/W4399429221","https://openalex.org/W4401248859","https://openalex.org/W4405116386","https://openalex.org/W4412902904","https://openalex.org/W4414925101","https://openalex.org/W4416128142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3038488520","https://openalex.org/W2996440038","https://openalex.org/W7119027395","https://openalex.org/W1995373430","https://openalex.org/W635525324","https://openalex.org/W7153391516","https://openalex.org/W2039533472","https://openalex.org/W2052416816","https://openalex.org/W2019207264","https://openalex.org/W2156644079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microbial":[0],"interactions":[1],"control":[2,55],"mammary":[3],"gland":[4],"inflammation":[5,120],"and":[6,16,41,53,61,67,86,95,126,151,178],"disease":[7],"severity.":[8],"This":[9],"study":[10],"examined":[11],"bacterial":[12,172],"dynamics,":[13],"inflammatory":[14],"responses,":[15],"oxidative":[17,176],"stress":[18,177],"following":[19],"Staphylococcus":[20],"hominis":[21,165],"(SH)":[22],"superinfection":[23],"in":[24,182],"cows":[25],"with":[26,121],"chronic":[27],"subclinical":[28],"mastitis.":[29],"Mammary":[30],"quarters":[31,45,65,77],"were":[32,89,155],"assigned":[33,83],"to":[34,133],"varying":[35],"SH":[36,111],"doses:":[37],"COW1":[38],"received":[39,48,59,69,78],"106":[40,49],"105":[42,62],"CFU/mL":[43,50,63,71],"(two":[44,51,64,72],"each);":[46,66],"COW2":[47],"quarters)":[52],"PBS":[54],"(one":[56],"quarter);":[57],"COW3":[58],"104":[60,70],"COW4":[68],"quarters).":[73],"On":[74],"Day":[75],"0,":[76],"5":[79],"mL":[80],"of":[81],"their":[82],"preparations.":[84],"Milk":[85],"clinical":[87,179],"parameters":[88],"evaluated":[90],"during":[91],"a":[92,115,168],"pre-challenge":[93],"baseline":[94],"monitored":[96],"for":[97],"8":[98],"days":[99],"post-inoculation.":[100],"Results":[101],"showed":[102],"post-infection":[103],"mastitis":[104,161,180],"severity":[105],"depended":[106],"heavily":[107],"on":[108,130],"prior":[109],"infections.":[110],"alone":[112],"functioned":[113],"as":[114],"mild":[116,169],"pathogen,":[117,170],"inducing":[118],"short-term":[119],"elevated":[122,147],"somatic":[123],"cell":[124],"counts":[125],"IL-6":[127],"levels":[128],"primarily":[129,156],"Days":[131],"1":[132],"3,":[134],"but":[135],"did":[136],"not":[137],"independently":[138],"cause":[139],"severe":[140,152],"tissue":[141,153],"damage.":[142],"The":[143],"intense":[144],"immune":[145],"response,":[146],"malondialdehyde":[148],"(MDA)":[149],"levels,":[150],"damage":[154],"driven":[157],"by":[158],"pre-existing":[159],"major":[160],"pathogens.":[162],"Although":[163],"S.":[164],"is":[166],"inherently":[167],"high":[171],"loads":[173],"synergistically":[174],"exacerbate":[175],"symptoms":[181],"co-infected":[183],"quarters.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}