{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225330490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214056","title":"Robust Event-Triggered Formation Tracking of Fixed-Wing UAVs Under Aperiodic Communication Outages","display_name":"Robust Event-Triggered Formation Tracking of Fixed-Wing UAVs Under Aperiodic Communication Outages","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225330490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214056"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/math14214056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192031","display_name":"Mathematics","issn_l":"2227-7390","issn":["2227-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214056","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101703841","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6197-7008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6197-7008","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3768-2610","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3715-1239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3715-1239","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160831371","display_name":"Shiyan Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100558653","display_name":"Qizheng Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qizheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148912215","display_name":"Huimin Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047453851","display_name":"Likun Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Likun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046578654","display_name":"Chi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1013-0568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1013-0568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1013-0568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046578654","https://openalex.org/A5100558653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"4056","last_page":"4056"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10046","display_name":"Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-triggered-control","display_name":"event-triggered control","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formation-tracking","display_name":"formation tracking","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-wing-uav","display_name":"fixed-wing UAV","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-outage","display_name":"communication outages","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leader-follower-formation","display_name":"leader-follower formation","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-observer","display_name":"distributed observer","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampled-data-systems","display_name":"sampled-data systems","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniform-ultimate-boundedness","display_name":"uniform ultimate boundedness","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-control","display_name":"robust control","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matched-and-unmatched-uncertainties","display_name":"matched and unmatched uncertainties","score":0.621999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8101999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.7175999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5286999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104247578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779368","display_name":"Aperiodic graph","level":2,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46650001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.462799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90377204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052594","display_name":"Uniform boundedness","level":3,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167964875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011487","display_name":"Exponential stability","level":3,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126818","display_name":"Dimensionless quantity","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12112733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2659948","display_name":"Differentiator","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/math14214056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192031","display_name":"Mathematics","issn_l":"2227-7390","issn":["2227-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/math14214056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14214056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192031","display_name":"Mathematics","issn_l":"2227-7390","issn":["2227-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981826826","https://openalex.org/W2015113370","https://openalex.org/W2068740779","https://openalex.org/W2107396783","https://openalex.org/W2886401384","https://openalex.org/W2944407614","https://openalex.org/W2963078509","https://openalex.org/W2995056505","https://openalex.org/W3085768812","https://openalex.org/W3156330606","https://openalex.org/W3194828746","https://openalex.org/W4205235385","https://openalex.org/W4229071622","https://openalex.org/W4283656449","https://openalex.org/W4383750355","https://openalex.org/W4384520846","https://openalex.org/W4386042028","https://openalex.org/W4387397191","https://openalex.org/W4390277124","https://openalex.org/W4390569102","https://openalex.org/W4392745508","https://openalex.org/W4399641236","https://openalex.org/W4400310794","https://openalex.org/W4401852802","https://openalex.org/W4403158373","https://openalex.org/W4407948545","https://openalex.org/W4409108187","https://openalex.org/W4411967776","https://openalex.org/W4414139421","https://openalex.org/W7081948076","https://openalex.org/W7154147500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164853361","https://openalex.org/W4399577185","https://openalex.org/W3161699134","https://openalex.org/W4392671388","https://openalex.org/W4405909489","https://openalex.org/W3092622659","https://openalex.org/W4401056826","https://openalex.org/W4319316419","https://openalex.org/W7165924069","https://openalex.org/W2588138481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliable":[0],"formation":[1,173],"tracking":[2,20],"of":[3,97],"fixed-wing":[4],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6],"vehicles":[7],"(UAVs)":[8],"is":[9,56,147],"particularly":[10],"challenging":[11],"when":[12],"external":[13],"acceleration":[14,19,146],"disturbances,":[15],"command":[16],"saturation,":[17],"actuator-induced":[18],"errors,":[21],"sampled":[22],"communication,":[23],"and":[24,55,71,89,92,114,138,157,167,175],"recurrent":[25],"common-mode":[26],"outages":[27,120],"occur":[28],"simultaneously.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"develops":[32],"a":[33,40,72,176],"predictor-based":[34],"robust":[35,130],"event-triggered":[36],"leader\u2013follower":[37],"framework":[38],"for":[39,85,118,152],"three-dimensional":[41],"flight-path":[42,158],"point-mass":[43],"outer-loop":[44],"model.":[45],"A":[46,67],"projected":[47],"adaptive":[48,129],"distributed":[49],"observer":[50],"estimates":[51],"the":[52,81,98,102,134,139,143,182],"leader":[53],"state":[54,69],"shown":[57],"to":[58,109,150],"achieve":[59],"practical":[60],"fixed-time":[61],"stability":[62],"over":[63],"effective":[64,125],"communication-available":[65,126],"intervals.":[66,127],"constant-velocity":[68],"predictor":[70],"dimensionless":[73],"sampled-data":[74],"triggering":[75],"rule":[76],"reduce":[77],"inter-UAV":[78],"transmissions,":[79],"where":[80],"outage":[82],"model":[83],"accounts":[84],"physical":[86],"outages,":[87],"candidate-grid":[88],"dwell-time":[90],"waiting,":[91],"network":[93],"resynchronization.":[94],"Prediction-error":[95],"terms":[96],"same":[99],"order":[100],"as":[101],"nominal":[103],"signed-power":[104],"feedback":[105],"are":[106],"retained":[107],"explicitly":[108],"derive":[110],"sampled-mode":[111],"dissipation":[112],"conditions":[113],"uniform":[115],"ultimate":[116],"boundedness":[117],"bounded":[119],"followed":[121],"by":[122],"sufficiently":[123],"long":[124],"An":[128],"controller":[131],"separately":[132],"addresses":[133],"matched":[135],"acceleration-channel":[136],"uncertainty":[137],"unmatched":[140],"observer-correction":[141],"input;":[142],"virtual":[144],"inertial":[145],"subsequently":[148],"mapped":[149],"commands":[151],"thrust,":[153],"normal":[154],"load":[155],"factor,":[156],"bank":[159],"angle.":[160],"Numerical":[161],"comparisons,":[162],"ablation":[163],"studies,":[164],"sensitivity":[165],"analyses,":[166],"integration-step":[168],"convergence":[169],"tests":[170],"illustrate":[171],"finite-horizon":[172],"recovery":[174],"communication\u2013accuracy\u2013control-effort":[177],"trade-off":[178],"without":[179],"numerically":[180],"certifying":[181],"analytical":[183],"recovery-interval":[184],"condition.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
