{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225330167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jdsade/enag075","title":"Does automatic captioning provide the same access as an interpreter?","display_name":"Does automatic captioning provide the same access as an interpreter?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225330167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jdsade/enag075","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jdsade/enag075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jdsade/enag075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jdsade/enag075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75150585","display_name":"The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education","issn_l":"1081-4159","issn":["1081-4159","1465-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049839329","display_name":"Stephen B. Fitzmaurice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-4419","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-4419"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen B Fitzmaurice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-4419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014972885","display_name":"Kim B. Kurz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-5046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-5046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim Kurz","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester, New York ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049839329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":{"value":4363,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4363},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.5547000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.5547000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.4287000000476837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-captioning","display_name":"automatic captioning","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language-interpreting","display_name":"sign language interpreting","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deaf-adults","display_name":"deaf adults","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"speech recognition","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-education","display_name":"access to education","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-based-instruction","display_name":"video-based instruction","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpreter-shortage","display_name":"interpreter shortage","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-appropriate-public-education","display_name":"free appropriate public education","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-accommodations","display_name":"academic accommodations","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deaf-students","display_name":"deaf students","score":0.39899998903274536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.9775999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122783720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183065","display_name":"Interpreter","level":2,"score":0.7346000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5819000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776737515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14759","display_name":"American Sign Language","level":3,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157660682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419793","display_name":"Accommodation","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018469783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130192","display_name":"English as a second language","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72280650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210439","display_name":"Language interpretation","level":3,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987567764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125421","display_name":"Second language","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778370645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5668585","display_name":"Note-taking","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jdsade/enag075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jdsade/enag075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jdsade/enag075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75150585","display_name":"The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education","issn_l":"1081-4159","issn":["1081-4159","1465-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42986303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of deaf studies and deaf education","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7390999794006348,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W637306486","https://openalex.org/W1991665197","https://openalex.org/W2030040999","https://openalex.org/W2035296949","https://openalex.org/W2068059956","https://openalex.org/W2115551023","https://openalex.org/W2126552603","https://openalex.org/W2130736456","https://openalex.org/W2133140493","https://openalex.org/W2141342532","https://openalex.org/W2149227526","https://openalex.org/W2158529126","https://openalex.org/W2159557213","https://openalex.org/W2222760842","https://openalex.org/W2304470031","https://openalex.org/W2700402477","https://openalex.org/W2765351389","https://openalex.org/W2809247538","https://openalex.org/W3042251254","https://openalex.org/W3043663292","https://openalex.org/W3139051674","https://openalex.org/W4213085289","https://openalex.org/W4283775747","https://openalex.org/W4302857932","https://openalex.org/W4381278118","https://openalex.org/W4385376210","https://openalex.org/W4398134699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096490832","https://openalex.org/W6987769470","https://openalex.org/W2981873888","https://openalex.org/W2887503054","https://openalex.org/W1983009749","https://openalex.org/W7135785827","https://openalex.org/W26440432","https://openalex.org/W2046147763","https://openalex.org/W1523233940","https://openalex.org/W435404409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interpreter":[0],"shortages":[1],"have":[2],"led":[3],"some":[4],"school":[5],"districts":[6],"to":[7,38,121,151,174],"substitute":[8],"Automatic":[9],"Speech":[10],"Recognition":[11],"(ASR)":[12],"captioning":[13,33,123],"technology":[14],"in":[15,54],"place":[16],"of":[17],"qualified":[18],"interpreters":[19],"for":[20,42,177,188],"deaf":[21,44,47,178],"students.":[22],"This":[23],"mixed":[24],"methods":[25],"case":[26,57],"study":[27,58],"examined":[28],"whether":[29],"Zoom's":[30,76],"embedded":[31],"automatic":[32,78,162],"provides":[34],"equivalent":[35,172],"educational":[36,196],"access":[37,173],"sign":[39],"language":[40],"interpreting":[41,106,176],"ASL-using":[43],"learners.":[45],"Four":[46],"adults":[48],"with":[49,67,75,132],"high":[50],"English":[51],"literacy":[52],"participated":[53],"a":[55,68],"mixed-methods":[56],"comparing":[59],"comprehension":[60],"outcomes":[61],"across":[62,87],"two":[63],"conditions:":[64],"video-based":[65,73],"instruction":[66,74],"live":[69],"ASL":[70,175],"interpreter":[71],"and":[72,85,95,154,180,190,195],"real-time":[77],"captions.":[79],"Comprehension":[80],"was":[81],"assessed":[82],"using":[83],"pre-":[84],"post-tests":[86],"six":[88],"video":[89],"stimuli":[90],"representing":[91],"multiple":[92],"content":[93],"areas":[94],"K-12":[96],"grade":[97],"levels.":[98],"Both":[99],"conditions":[100],"produced":[101],"learning":[102,184],"gains;":[103],"however,":[104],"the":[105,122,133],"condition":[107,124],"yielded":[108],"substantially":[109,182],"greater":[110],"improvements":[111],"(mean":[112,125],"gain":[113,126],"=":[114,118,127,130,140],"41.7%,":[115],"Cohen's":[116],"d":[117,129],"3.15)":[119],"compared":[120],"18.7%,":[128],"1.13),":[131],"between-condition":[134],"difference":[135],"reaching":[136],"statistical":[137],"significance":[138],"(p":[139],".024).":[141],"Participants":[142],"consistently":[143],"reported":[144],"that":[145,161],"captions":[146],"were":[147],"too":[148],"rapid,":[149],"prone":[150],"disorienting":[152],"autocorrections,":[153],"imposed":[155],"unmanageable":[156],"dual-attention":[157],"demands.":[158],"Findings":[159],"suggest":[160],"captioning,":[163],"even":[164],"under":[165],"acoustically":[166],"controlled":[167],"conditions,":[168],"does":[169],"not":[170],"provide":[171],"students":[179],"may":[181],"diminish":[183],"opportunities.":[185],"Policy":[186],"implications":[187],"Free":[189],"Appropriate":[191],"Public":[192],"Education":[193],"compliance":[194],"accommodation":[197],"planning":[198],"are":[199],"discussed.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}