{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225329893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops6060107","title":"Acetolactate Synthase Herbicide-Resistant Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Populations Documented in Forage Cropping Systems in California","display_name":"Acetolactate Synthase Herbicide-Resistant Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Populations Documented in Forage Cropping Systems in California","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225329893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops6060107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/crops6060107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops6060107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops6060107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196668","display_name":"Crops","issn_l":"2673-7655","issn":["2673-7655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crops","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops6060107","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115801482","display_name":"Jennifer Valdez-Herrera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67328108","display_name":"California State University, Fresno","ror":"https://ror.org/03enmdz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Valdez-Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046744559","display_name":"Katherine E. Waselkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-3694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-3694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67328108","display_name":"California State University, Fresno","ror":"https://ror.org/03enmdz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Waselkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-3694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024369134","display_name":"Nicholas E. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-3771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-3771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Cooperative Extension, Hanford, CA 93230, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-3771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Cooperative Extension, Hanford, CA 93230, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090731471","display_name":"Anil Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-6344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-6344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67328108","display_name":"California State University, Fresno","ror":"https://ror.org/03enmdz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anil Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-6344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046744559","https://openalex.org/A5090731471"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67328108"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"107","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11900","display_name":"Fungal Plant Pathogen Control","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellaria-media","display_name":"Stellaria media","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetolactate-synthase","display_name":"acetolactate synthase","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-resistance","display_name":"herbicide resistance","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/als-inhibiting-herbicides","display_name":"ALS-inhibiting herbicides","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-site-mutations","display_name":"target-site mutations","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-resistance","display_name":"cross-resistance","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage-wheat","display_name":"forage wheat","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triticale","display_name":"triticale","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesosulfuron-methyl","display_name":"mesosulfuron-methyl","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyroxsulam","display_name":"pyroxsulam","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imazamox","display_name":"imazamox","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imazethapyr","display_name":"imazethapyr","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribenuron-methyl","display_name":"tribenuron-methyl","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-relationship","display_name":"dose-response relationship","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/san-joaquin-valley","display_name":"San Joaquin Valley","score":0.7789999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780785311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823839","display_name":"Acetolactate synthase","level":3,"score":0.9373999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7430999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.6575000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909303320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158711","display_name":"Stellaria media","level":3,"score":0.6424999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5584999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781396250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380329","display_name":"Triticale","level":2,"score":0.5220999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778575864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3323027","display_name":"Imazapyr","level":3,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76818968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181940","display_name":"Sanger sequencing","level":4,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377214","display_name":"Forage","level":2,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778693464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3610615","display_name":"Pesticide resistance","level":3,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776638905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423005","display_name":"Malathion","level":3,"score":0.2720000147819519}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/crops6060107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops6060107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops6060107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196668","display_name":"Crops","issn_l":"2673-7655","issn":["2673-7655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crops","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/crops6060107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops6060107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/crops6060107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196668","display_name":"Crops","issn_l":"2673-7655","issn":["2673-7655"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crops","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504199670","https://openalex.org/W1977023533","https://openalex.org/W1985819727","https://openalex.org/W2023502496","https://openalex.org/W2056491404","https://openalex.org/W2063855782","https://openalex.org/W2082579508","https://openalex.org/W2116422061","https://openalex.org/W2168038523","https://openalex.org/W2173035092","https://openalex.org/W2262027729","https://openalex.org/W2756315211","https://openalex.org/W2811013574","https://openalex.org/W2930547296","https://openalex.org/W3026615616","https://openalex.org/W4200188700","https://openalex.org/W4385202074","https://openalex.org/W4392868609","https://openalex.org/W4406924727","https://openalex.org/W4413111580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811013574","https://openalex.org/W7132211191","https://openalex.org/W4406607213","https://openalex.org/W1997417151","https://openalex.org/W4406924727","https://openalex.org/W1982630679","https://openalex.org/W2161024765","https://openalex.org/W1966312871","https://openalex.org/W2047953240","https://openalex.org/W594512354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Common":[0],"chickweed":[1,60,149],"(Stellaria":[2],"media":[3],"(L.)":[4],"Vill.)":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"observed":[8],"invading":[9],"forage":[10],"wheat":[11],"(Triticum":[12],"aestivum":[13],"L.)":[14],"and":[15,48,72,86,102],"triticale":[16],"(xTriticosecale)":[17],"fields":[18],"treated":[19],"with":[20,136],"acetolactate":[21],"synthase":[22],"(ALS)-inhibiting":[23],"herbicides":[24,47,121,154],"in":[25,123,160],"the":[26,52,109,114,129,144,157],"southern":[27],"San":[28],"Joaquin":[29],"Valley":[30],"(SJV)":[31],"of":[32,54,58,108,117,147,156],"California.":[33],"Studies":[34],"were":[35,43,62,81,90,111],"conducted":[36,91],"to":[37,45,76,113,139,152],"verify":[38],"if":[39,49],"these":[40,46,84],"weed":[41],"populations":[42,110,150],"resistant":[44,71,112],"so,":[50],"what":[51],"mechanism":[53],"resistance":[55,138],"was.":[56],"Seeds":[57],"common":[59,95,148],"plants":[61],"collected":[63],"from":[64,83],"three":[65,107],"locations":[66],"representing":[67],"four":[68],"populations\u2014three":[69],"suspected":[70,74],"one":[73],"susceptible":[75],"ALS":[77,96,153],"inhibitor":[78],"herbicides.":[79,141],"Plants":[80],"grown":[82],"collections,":[85],"greenhouse":[87],"dose\u2013response":[88],"studies":[89],"twice":[92],"using":[93],"five":[94,119],"inhibitors:":[97],"mesosulfuron-methyl,":[98],"pyroxsulam,":[99],"imazamox,":[100],"imazethapyr,":[101],"tribenuron-methyl.":[103],"Results":[104],"confirmed":[105],"that":[106],"label":[115],"rate":[116],"all":[118],"ALS-inhibitor":[120],"tested":[122],"this":[124],"study.":[125],"Sanger":[126],"sequencing":[127],"identified":[128],"Trp574Leu":[130],"substitution,":[131],"a":[132],"mutation":[133],"previously":[134],"associated":[135],"target-site":[137],"ALS-inhibiting":[140],"This":[142],"is":[143],"first":[145],"case":[146],"cross-resistant":[151],"west":[155],"Rocky":[158],"Mountains":[159],"North":[161],"America.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}