{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225329005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261505780","title":"Driving Employee Social Responsibility in Tourism: A CSR\u2013Leadership\u2013Values Perspective From Pakistan","display_name":"Driving Employee Social Responsibility in Tourism: A CSR\u2013Leadership\u2013Values Perspective From Pakistan","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225329005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261505780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/21582440261505780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261505780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261505780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148277943","display_name":"SAGE Open","issn_l":"2158-2440","issn":["2158-2440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261505780","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047464654","display_name":"Sajjad Ahmad Afridi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-2806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-2806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjad Afridi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hazara University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-2806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hazara University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156303100","display_name":"Akhtar Nawaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akhtar Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hazara University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hazara University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054469195","display_name":"Muhammad Waseem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-0953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-0953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Waseem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hazara University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hazara University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106152455","display_name":"Muhammad Fayaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0875-0972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0875-0972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131024953","display_name":"Kardan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vts6h49","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131024953"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Fayaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Sciences, Kardan University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0875-0972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Sciences, Kardan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131024953"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106152455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131024953"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.37770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.37770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13603","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability","score":0.32670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.15530000627040863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-social-responsibility","display_name":"corporate social responsibility","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-transcendence","display_name":"self-transcendence","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-attitudes","display_name":"prosocial attitudes","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-leadership","display_name":"generative leadership","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-organism-response-model","display_name":"stimulus-organism-response model","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-industry","display_name":"tourism industry","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitality-industry","display_name":"hospitality industry","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontline-workers","display_name":"frontline workers","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141261163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218600","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.6808000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525551149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1495452","display_name":"Hospitality industry","level":3,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147598955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427818","display_name":"Social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.5072000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107482638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815825","display_name":"Hospitality","level":3,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172256602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780716","display_name":"Social exchange theory","level":2,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24614281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086331","display_name":"Moderated mediation","level":2,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126583095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1548752","display_name":"Organizational citizenship behavior","level":3,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15046100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337214","display_name":"Social learning theory","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98447023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540351","display_name":"Social identity theory","level":3,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83030740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267236","display_name":"Organizational commitment","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189705334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15816013","display_name":"Hospitality management studies","level":3,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173481278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257997","display_name":"Survey research","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39214371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19483216","display_name":"Organizational behavior","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012157","display_name":"Employee morale","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/21582440261505780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261505780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261505780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148277943","display_name":"SAGE Open","issn_l":"2158-2440","issn":["2158-2440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2498fec9a3564a29a43c441ed0da1c7f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2498fec9a3564a29a43c441ed0da1c7f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SAGE Open, Vol 16 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/21582440261505780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261505780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440261505780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148277943","display_name":"SAGE Open","issn_l":"2158-2440","issn":["2158-2440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1204404493","https://openalex.org/W1895913715","https://openalex.org/W1982122645","https://openalex.org/W1995935086","https://openalex.org/W2019315312","https://openalex.org/W2021397208","https://openalex.org/W2029327442","https://openalex.org/W2038702827","https://openalex.org/W2042743348","https://openalex.org/W2067708941","https://openalex.org/W2104799039","https://openalex.org/W2108423901","https://openalex.org/W2126164224","https://openalex.org/W2140031584","https://openalex.org/W2171905348","https://openalex.org/W2578897752","https://openalex.org/W2593944763","https://openalex.org/W2608319260","https://openalex.org/W2742578596","https://openalex.org/W2744904120","https://openalex.org/W2771333997","https://openalex.org/W2800528944","https://openalex.org/W2887011974","https://openalex.org/W2944339144","https://openalex.org/W2967100794","https://openalex.org/W2971870715","https://openalex.org/W2973091612","https://openalex.org/W2974702693","https://openalex.org/W2979683601","https://openalex.org/W3017498170","https://openalex.org/W3047703114","https://openalex.org/W3106130924","https://openalex.org/W3114067743","https://openalex.org/W3125687881","https://openalex.org/W3128583344","https://openalex.org/W3131761449","https://openalex.org/W3137886678","https://openalex.org/W3147181238","https://openalex.org/W3153880418","https://openalex.org/W3157511695","https://openalex.org/W3168622549","https://openalex.org/W3176109850","https://openalex.org/W3183674015","https://openalex.org/W3194934044","https://openalex.org/W4220727528","https://openalex.org/W4220923339","https://openalex.org/W4223484670","https://openalex.org/W4225295215","https://openalex.org/W4229045987","https://openalex.org/W4281929739","https://openalex.org/W4282981532","https://openalex.org/W4283658077","https://openalex.org/W4289782001","https://openalex.org/W4293660752","https://openalex.org/W4294839069","https://openalex.org/W4296050957","https://openalex.org/W4297998451","https://openalex.org/W4309456077","https://openalex.org/W4317937362","https://openalex.org/W4318336198","https://openalex.org/W4321195880","https://openalex.org/W4366506410","https://openalex.org/W4367053704","https://openalex.org/W4376118605","https://openalex.org/W4377997275","https://openalex.org/W4383621113","https://openalex.org/W4384202871","https://openalex.org/W4385265898","https://openalex.org/W4385318728","https://openalex.org/W4386391829","https://openalex.org/W4386606726","https://openalex.org/W4386623526","https://openalex.org/W4386932295","https://openalex.org/W4387020864","https://openalex.org/W4387029614","https://openalex.org/W4387112819","https://openalex.org/W4388045066","https://openalex.org/W4388400250","https://openalex.org/W4389079922","https://openalex.org/W4389098597","https://openalex.org/W4389609043","https://openalex.org/W4390954413","https://openalex.org/W4391115470","https://openalex.org/W4391130750","https://openalex.org/W4391221841","https://openalex.org/W4391231252","https://openalex.org/W4391322470","https://openalex.org/W4391377965","https://openalex.org/W4391436646","https://openalex.org/W4391706755","https://openalex.org/W4392431754","https://openalex.org/W4392871418","https://openalex.org/W4393111171","https://openalex.org/W4393312622","https://openalex.org/W4393947443","https://openalex.org/W4396799937","https://openalex.org/W4396873566","https://openalex.org/W4397004679","https://openalex.org/W4403779618","https://openalex.org/W7207851288","https://openalex.org/W7215965607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921223238","https://openalex.org/W2955137380","https://openalex.org/W3198854981","https://openalex.org/W4378715914","https://openalex.org/W2783259197","https://openalex.org/W3183804942","https://openalex.org/W3166834045","https://openalex.org/W2620249790","https://openalex.org/W3191381624","https://openalex.org/W4283837376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,36,159],"examines":[2],"how":[3,171],"perceived":[4],"corporate":[5],"social":[6],"responsibility":[7],"(CSRP)":[8],"influences":[9],"employees\u2019":[10],"socially":[11,175,195],"responsible":[12,176,196],"behavior":[13,177,198],"both":[14,128,148,199],"within":[15],"the":[16,21,25,31,39,50,143,158,182,185,203],"organization":[17,22],"(ESRB-W)":[18],"and":[19,45,49,73,79,91,112,130,133,137,147,190,201],"outside":[20,202],"(ESRB-O)":[23],"in":[24,82],"tourism":[26,78],"industry":[27],"of":[28,42,53,150,187],"Pakistan,":[29],"using":[30,104],"Stimulus\u2013Organism\u2013Response":[32],"(SOR)":[33],"framework.":[34],"The":[35,99,117],"also":[37],"investigates":[38],"mediating":[40],"roles":[41],"self-transcendence":[43],"(ST)":[44],"prosocial":[46],"attitude":[47],"(PSA),":[48],"moderating":[51,155],"effect":[52,126],"generative":[54,140,191],"leadership.":[55],"Quantitative":[56],"research":[57],"design":[58],"was":[59,85],"employed.":[60],"Data":[61],"were":[62,94,102],"collected":[63],"through":[64,96,135],"a":[65,123,153,165],"multistage":[66],"sampling":[67],"technique":[68],"from":[69],"440":[70],"frontline":[71],"employees":[72],"132":[74],"supervisors":[75],"across":[76,178],"51":[77],"hospitality":[80],"organizations":[81],"Pakistan.":[83],"ESRB-W":[84,129],"evaluated":[86],"by":[87,163],"supervisors,":[88],"while":[89],"ESRB-O":[90],"other":[92],"constructs":[93],"assessed":[95],"employee":[97,197],"self-reports.":[98],"hypothesized":[100],"relationships":[101],"tested":[103],"Hayes\u2019":[105],"PROCESS":[106],"Macro":[107],"(Model":[108],"4":[109],"for":[110,115],"mediation":[111],"Model":[113],"1":[114],"moderation).":[116],"results":[118],"indicate":[119],"that":[120,169],"CSRP":[121,146],"has":[122],"significant":[124,154],"positive":[125],"on":[127],"ESRB-O,":[131],"directly":[132],"indirectly":[134],"ST":[136],"PSA.":[138],"Furthermore,":[139],"leadership":[141,192],"strengthens":[142],"relationship":[144],"between":[145],"dimensions":[149],"ESRB,":[151],"indicating":[152],"effect.":[156],"Theoretically,":[157],"extends":[160],"SOR":[161],"theory":[162],"demonstrating":[164],"dual-path":[166],"organismic":[167],"mechanism":[168],"explains":[170],"CSR":[172,189],"translates":[173],"into":[174],"organizational":[179],"boundaries.":[180],"Practically,":[181],"findings":[183],"highlight":[184],"importance":[186],"integrating":[188],"to":[193],"foster":[194],"inside":[200],"workplace.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}