{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225327213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16211425","title":"Morphology Changes During Sonication of Carbon Nanotube Suspensions and Impact on Heat Transport","display_name":"Morphology Changes During Sonication of Carbon Nanotube Suspensions and Impact on Heat Transport","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225327213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16211425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nano16211425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16211425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16211425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764646681","display_name":"Nanomaterials","issn_l":"2079-4991","issn":["2079-4991"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanomaterials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16211425","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079759032","display_name":"Panagiota V. Polydoropoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-4020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-4020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123829","display_name":"FORTH Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5bsk66","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123829","https://openalex.org/I8901234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panagiota V. Polydoropoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-4020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123829","https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008597624","display_name":"Vasilis N. Burganos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1796-5418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1796-5418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123829","display_name":"FORTH Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5bsk66","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123829","https://openalex.org/I8901234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasilis N. Burganos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1796-5418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123829","https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079759032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123829","https://openalex.org/I8901234"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"1425","last_page":"1425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11277","display_name":"Thermal properties of materials","score":0.21940000355243683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.1509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"carbon nanotubes","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonication","display_name":"sonication","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluids","display_name":"nanofluids","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-conductivity","display_name":"thermal conductivity","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cnt-agglomeration","display_name":"CNT agglomeration","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cnt-morphology","display_name":"CNT morphology","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cnt-length","display_name":"CNT length","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-thermal-conductivity","display_name":"effective thermal conductivity","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representative-volume-element","display_name":"representative volume element","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transport","display_name":"heat transport","score":0.5059999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104628117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3964828","display_name":"Sonication","level":2,"score":0.9226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129955480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257738","display_name":"Agglomerate","level":2,"score":0.8410999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7918999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.746399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131850264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383056","display_name":"Economies of agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.6862000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.6419000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.621399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172100665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7465774","display_name":"Thermal conduction","level":2,"score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65590680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909482","display_name":"Volume fraction","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777619693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539430","display_name":"Nanotube","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142259097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314","display_name":"Homogeneity (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166595027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143983","display_name":"Epoxy","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92880739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2639556","display_name":"Nanocomposite","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nano16211425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16211425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16211425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764646681","display_name":"Nanomaterials","issn_l":"2079-4991","issn":["2079-4991"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanomaterials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nano16211425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16211425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16211425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764646681","display_name":"Nanomaterials","issn_l":"2079-4991","issn":["2079-4991"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanomaterials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534809005","https://openalex.org/W1966389661","https://openalex.org/W1982193100","https://openalex.org/W1998632931","https://openalex.org/W2005957617","https://openalex.org/W2008213190","https://openalex.org/W2013026297","https://openalex.org/W2014970222","https://openalex.org/W2016263281","https://openalex.org/W2023385842","https://openalex.org/W2046722134","https://openalex.org/W2049386231","https://openalex.org/W2090609473","https://openalex.org/W2116105460","https://openalex.org/W2331844503","https://openalex.org/W2793252080","https://openalex.org/W2803813671","https://openalex.org/W2894403203","https://openalex.org/W2913151242","https://openalex.org/W2949903821","https://openalex.org/W2952721334","https://openalex.org/W2995996163","https://openalex.org/W3087378199","https://openalex.org/W3100475042","https://openalex.org/W3166506046","https://openalex.org/W3183585718","https://openalex.org/W4200616882","https://openalex.org/W4212999071","https://openalex.org/W4224255890","https://openalex.org/W4224499205","https://openalex.org/W4296657946","https://openalex.org/W4388557586","https://openalex.org/W4391351933","https://openalex.org/W4399011814","https://openalex.org/W4399466661","https://openalex.org/W4403603372","https://openalex.org/W7134821494","https://openalex.org/W7214015688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090609473","https://openalex.org/W2118494776","https://openalex.org/W1966389661","https://openalex.org/W4403603372","https://openalex.org/W2147450491","https://openalex.org/W2279925442","https://openalex.org/W2793252080","https://openalex.org/W7204198543","https://openalex.org/W2097679432","https://openalex.org/W2795272886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sonication":[0,35],"of":[1,31,42,52,81,93,104,120,159,177,190,216,220],"carbon":[2],"nanotube":[3],"(CNT)":[4],"dispersions":[5],"is":[6,58,210,219],"commonly":[7],"employed":[8],"in":[9,14,22,40,47,107],"practice":[10],"to":[11,16,26,61,73,88,151,202],"disentangle":[12],"agglomerates":[13,218],"order":[15],"promote":[17],"homogeneity":[18],"and":[19,33,44,76,101,128,135,143,206,232],"finer":[20],"dispersion":[21],"suspensions":[23],"and,":[24,78],"consequently,":[25],"effect":[27],"more":[28],"predictable":[29],"end-properties":[30],"nanofluids":[32],"nanocomposites.":[34],"also":[36,186],"influences":[37],"CNT":[38,74,126,203,230],"morphology":[39],"terms":[41],"shape":[43],"length,":[45],"affecting,":[46],"turn,":[48],"the":[49,53,82,90,98,102,131,145,153,171,183,187,191,195,213,217,224],"thermal":[50,99,132,172,197],"performance":[51],"resulting":[54],"medium.":[55],"Although":[56],"sonication":[57,66,160,178],"generally":[59],"known":[60],"improve":[62],"heat":[63,225],"transfer,":[64],"increased":[65],"times":[67],"may":[68],"have":[69],"adverse":[70],"results":[71,146,181],"due":[72],"buckling":[75],"scission":[77],"thus,":[79],"shortening":[80],"CNTs.":[83],"The":[84,114,162,180],"present":[85],"work":[86],"aims":[87],"quantify":[89],"distinct":[91],"effects":[92],"sonication-induced":[94],"structural":[95],"changes":[96],"on":[97,194],"conductivity":[100,133,155,173],"evolution":[103],"this":[105],"relationship":[106],"time":[108],"through":[109],"a":[110,138,148,157,175],"dual-scale":[111],"simulation":[112],"approach.":[113],"simulator":[115],"reconstructs":[116],"three-dimensional":[117],"(3D)":[118],"assemblages":[119],"CNTs":[121],"with":[122,167],"prescribed":[123],"agglomeration":[124,207],"density,":[125],"length":[127,205,231],"curvature,":[129,204],"evaluates":[130],"locally":[134],"temporally":[136],"within":[137],"representative":[139],"volume":[140],"element":[141],"(RVE),":[142],"integrates":[144],"into":[147],"macroscopic":[149],"model":[150],"extract":[152],"effective":[154,196],"as":[156,174],"function":[158,176],"time.":[161,179],"numerical":[163],"simulations":[164],"are":[165],"compared":[166],"experiments":[168],"that":[169,212],"follow":[170],"elucidate":[182],"separate":[184],"but":[185],"synergistic":[188],"influence":[189],"agglomerate":[192],"microstructure":[193],"conductivity,":[198],"paying":[199],"particular":[200],"attention":[201],"features.":[208],"It":[209],"found":[211],"internal":[214],"density":[215],"major":[221],"significance":[222],"for":[223],"conduction":[226],"process,":[227],"followed":[228],"by":[229],"curvature.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
