{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225325899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011732/v1","title":"Structural and Climatic Controls on Forest Carbon and Water Fluxes across the Italian Alps","display_name":"Structural and Climatic Controls on Forest Carbon and Water Fluxes across the Italian Alps","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225325899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011732/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22541/essoar.15011732/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011732/v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011732/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083722951","display_name":"Vincenzo Saponaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-3990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-3990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Saponaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Libera Universita di Bolzano Facolta di Scienze agrarie ambientali e alimentari, piazza Universit\u00e0, 1, Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy [IT]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-3990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Libera Universita di Bolzano Facolta di Scienze agrarie ambientali e alimentari, piazza Universit\u00e0, 1, Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy [IT]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069869083","display_name":"Elia Vangi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-2258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-2258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elia Vangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["geoLAB - Laboratory of Forest Geomatics, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy;, Unknown, Florence, Italy [IT]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"geoLAB - Laboratory of Forest Geomatics, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy;, Unknown, Florence, Italy [IT]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036592821","display_name":"Anna Candotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-5510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-5510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Candotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Universita 1, Bolzano, BZ, Italy [IT]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-5510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Universita 1, Bolzano, BZ, Italy [IT]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015300716","display_name":"Daniela Dalmonech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1932-5011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1932-5011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156168","display_name":"Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean","ror":"https://ror.org/02the9q75","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4387156168"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Dalmonech","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia 06128, Italy, Unknown, Perugia, Italy [IT]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia 06128, Italy, Unknown, Perugia, Italy [IT]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4387156168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024229842","display_name":"Marta Galvagno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-487X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-487X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Galvagno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Unknown, Aosta, Italy [IT]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Unknown, Aosta, Italy [IT]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037028553","display_name":"Gianluca Filippa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-6045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-6045"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Filippa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Unknown, Aosta, Italy [IT]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Unknown, Aosta, Italy [IT]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031523852","display_name":"Alessio Collalti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4980-8487","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4980-8487"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Collalti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna Alta 128, Perugia, 06128, Italy [IT]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4980-8487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna Alta 128, Perugia, 06128, Italy [IT]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106030091","display_name":"Enrico Tomelleri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6546-6459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6546-6459"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Tomelleri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Unknown"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Unknown","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.03539999946951866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-carbon-fluxes","display_name":"forest carbon fluxes","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-flux","display_name":"water flux","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-alps","display_name":"Italian Alps","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-primary-production","display_name":"gross primary productivity","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-primary-production","display_name":"net primary productivity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"evapotranspiration","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/montane-forest","display_name":"montane forest","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-control","display_name":"climate control","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-budget","display_name":"carbon balance","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-management","display_name":"forest management","score":0.42899999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7135000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24717449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515905","display_name":"Primary production","level":3,"score":0.6225000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.5501000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6939412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon cycle","level":3,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73935091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249329","display_name":"Forest ecology","level":3,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993678126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon flux","level":3,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698936","display_name":"Temporal scales","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22884784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15305550","display_name":"Carbon sequestration","level":3,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64107356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295046","display_name":"Ecosystem model","level":3,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66465714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148989","display_name":"Water balance","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149677717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611523","display_name":"Carbon sink","level":3,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3008355","display_name":"Forest dynamics","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22541/essoar.15011732/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011732/v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15011732/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135178291","https://openalex.org/W2326135681","https://openalex.org/W652148737","https://openalex.org/W35491161","https://openalex.org/W4213298283","https://openalex.org/W1482842369","https://openalex.org/W2773165178","https://openalex.org/W2141492072","https://openalex.org/W2063559297","https://openalex.org/W4385933479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimating":[0],"carbon":[1,26,44,56,202,238],"and":[2,20,45,57,81,120,146,157,162,171,203,229,241,248],"water":[3,46,58,204],"fluxes":[4,59],"across":[5,123,231],"mountain":[6],"landscapes":[7],"is":[8],"challenging":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,87,106,195],"environmental":[12],"heterogeneity.":[13],"In":[14],"the":[15,61,99,124,130,137,169,179,190],"Italian":[16,62,125,232],"Alps,":[17],"complex":[18],"topography":[19],"fragmented":[21],"land":[22],"use":[23],"further":[24],"complicates":[25],"accounting.":[27],"The":[28,151,219],"European":[29],"Green":[30],"Deal":[31],"recognizes":[32],"forests":[33],"as":[34],"climate":[35,148,246],"allies,":[36],"requiring":[37],"accurate,":[38],"spatially":[39,197],"explicit":[40,198],"assessments":[41],"of":[42,60,111,174,192,200],"their":[43],"exchange.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"this":[50],"pressing":[51],"need,":[52],"we":[53],"first":[54],"simulated":[55],"National":[63],"Forest":[64,134],"Inventory":[65],"plots":[66],"using":[67],"a":[68,82],"process-based":[69,100],"ecosystem":[70,210,236],"model.":[71],"These":[72],"simulations,":[73],"together":[74],"with":[75,102],"predictors":[76,142],"derived":[77],"from":[78],"remote":[79],"sensing":[80],"hydroclimatic":[83],"model,":[84],"were":[85],"used":[86],"train":[88],"four":[89],"machine":[90],"learning":[91],"algorithms.":[92],"We":[93],"developed":[94],"an":[95],"integrated":[96,184,193],"framework":[97],"combining":[98],"model":[101],"these":[103],"data-driven":[104],"methods":[105],"generate":[107,196],"30m":[108],"resolution":[109],"maps":[110,221],"Gross":[112],"Primary":[113,117],"Productivity":[114,118],"(GPP),":[115],"Net":[116],"(NPP),":[119],"Evapotranspiration":[121],"(ET)":[122],"Alps":[126],"for":[127,159,226,245],"2020.":[128],"Among":[129],"tested":[131],"models,":[132],"Random":[133],"consistently":[135],"achieved":[136],"highest":[138],"predictive":[139],"performance.":[140],"Biomass":[141],"mainly":[143],"explained":[144],"GPP":[145],"NPP,":[147,161,228],"controlled":[149],"ET.":[150],"results":[152,188],"(R\u00b2":[153],"=":[154],"0.40,":[155],"0.28,":[156],"0.27":[158],"GPP,":[160,227],"ET,":[163],"respectively)":[164],"provide":[165,222],"valuable":[166],"insights":[167],"into":[168],"complexity":[170],"spatial":[172,224],"heterogeneity":[173],"Alpine":[175,233],"forest":[176,201,242],"ecosystems,":[177],"highlighting":[178],"complementary":[180],"information":[181],"captured":[182,214],"by":[183,215],"modelling":[185,194],"approaches.":[186],"Our":[187],"demonstrate":[189],"potential":[191],"estimates":[199],"fluxes,":[205],"offering":[206],"additional":[207],"perspectives":[208],"on":[209],"functioning":[211],"beyond":[212],"those":[213],"individual":[216],"observational":[217],"datasets.":[218],"resulting":[220],"unprecedented":[223],"detail":[225],"ET":[230],"forests,":[234],"supporting":[235],"monitoring,":[237],"budget":[239],"assessments,":[240],"management":[243],"strategies":[244],"adaptation":[247],"mitigation.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}