{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225324867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975471","title":"A Good Result Is Not Proof of Control","display_name":"A Good Result Is Not Proof of Control","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225324867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23975471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975471","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160914001","display_name":"Mark Buck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Buck, Mark","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160914001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11572","display_name":"Information Technology Governance and Strategy","score":0.3285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11572","display_name":"Information Technology Governance and Strategy","score":0.3285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10797","display_name":"Accounting and Organizational Management","score":0.29829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13963","display_name":"Organizational Management and Leadership","score":0.22310000658035278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/board-governance","display_name":"board governance","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-change","display_name":"organizational change","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-change","display_name":"technological change","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openai","display_name":"OpenAI","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-capabilities","display_name":"organizational capabilities","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-control","display_name":"management control","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication-of-results","display_name":"replication of results","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donabedian-model","display_name":"Donabedian model","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rasmussen","display_name":"Rasmussen","score":0.6299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.7465000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6969000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.6331999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.599399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.5831000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5805000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780526558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345314","display_name":"Good governance","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140423589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249406","display_name":"Project governance","level":3,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23975471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23975472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23975471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23975471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204764963","https://openalex.org/W7207671947","https://openalex.org/W7202378018","https://openalex.org/W7154496342","https://openalex.org/W2742181735","https://openalex.org/W3138269013","https://openalex.org/W7204530453","https://openalex.org/W7160155599","https://openalex.org/W4394939430","https://openalex.org/W7223006597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Boards":[0],"judge":[1],"fast-moving":[2],"organisations":[3],"mostly":[4],"by":[5,224],"what":[6],"they":[7],"produce.":[8],"Revenue,":[9],"capacity,":[10],"delivery":[11],"dates":[12],"and":[13,19,42,71,74,117,129,148,191,198,204],"service":[14],"levels":[15],"are":[16],"outcome":[17,20,235],"evidence,":[18,73],"evidence":[21,24,70,88,229],"is":[22,109,137,140,230],"direct":[23],"of":[25,83,87],"one":[26],"thing,":[27],"that":[28,46,76,98,144,221],"the":[29,44,48,52,59,84,103,118,130,161,170,174,185],"result":[30,53],"occurred.":[31],"By":[32],"itself":[33],"it":[34,89,108,113],"cannot":[35],"show":[36,184,223],"whether":[37,51,160,226],"management":[38],"can":[39,163],"still":[40],"see":[41],"influence":[43],"conditions":[45],"produced":[47,56],"result,":[49],"or":[50,62],"could":[54],"be":[55],"again":[57],"if":[58],"people,":[60],"partners":[61],"technology":[63,99],"changed.":[64],"This":[65],"paper":[66,213],"calls":[67],"those":[68,146],"control":[69,228],"capability":[72],"argues":[75],"a":[77,141,150,157,208],"success":[78],"claim":[79],"should":[80],"state":[81],"which":[82],"three":[85],"kinds":[86],"supports":[90],"before":[91,173],"anyone":[92],"relies":[93],"on":[94],"it.":[95],"The":[96,133,212,243],"idea":[97],"changes":[100,200],"faster":[101,168],"than":[102,169],"structures":[104],"meant":[105],"to":[106,179],"manage":[107],"old.":[110],"Rasmussen":[111],"set":[112],"out":[114],"in":[115,124],"1997,":[116],"three-way":[119],"split":[120],"has":[121,246],"close":[122],"relatives":[123],"Donabedian,":[125],"Ouchi,":[126],"audit":[127],"practice":[128],"replication":[131],"literature.":[132],"contribution":[134],"claimed":[135],"here":[136],"narrower.":[138],"It":[139],"governance":[142,199,244],"test":[143,186,245],"assembles":[145],"parts":[147],"adds":[149],"timing":[151],"comparison.":[152],"At":[153],"each":[154],"consequential":[155],"interface,":[156],"board":[158],"asks":[159],"organisation":[162],"refresh":[164],"its":[165,234],"working":[166],"picture":[167],"time":[171],"left":[172],"next":[175],"commitment":[176],"becomes":[177],"hard":[178],"reverse.":[180],"Nine":[181],"documented":[182],"cases":[183],"at":[187],"work,":[188],"seven":[189],"failures":[190],"two":[192],"examined":[193],"well.":[194],"OpenAI\u2019s":[195,227],"infrastructure,":[196],"financing":[197],"between":[201],"January":[202],"2025":[203],"October":[205],"2026":[206],"provide":[207],"live":[209],"public":[210],"case.":[211],"closes":[214],"with":[215,233],"six":[216],"dated":[217],"observations,":[218],"fixed":[219],"now,":[220],"will":[222],"mid-2027":[225],"keeping":[231],"pace":[232],"evidence.":[236],"Status:":[237],"practitioner":[238],"research,":[239],"not":[240,247],"peer":[241],"reviewed.":[242],"yet":[248],"been":[249],"validated.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}