{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225324640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj25034","title":"Creating forecasts of cattle heat stress for Australia: challenges and prototypes","display_name":"Creating forecasts of cattle heat stress for Australia: challenges and prototypes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225324640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj25034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1071/rj25034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj25034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj25034","pdf_url":"https://connectsci.au/rj/article-pdf/doi/10.1071/RJ25034/1975717/rj25034.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75507510","display_name":"The Rangeland Journal","issn_l":"1036-9872","issn":["1036-9872","1834-7541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320302","host_organization_name":"CSIRO Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CSIRO Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Rangeland Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://connectsci.au/rj/article-pdf/doi/10.1071/RJ25034/1975717/rj25034.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055780829","display_name":"Tim Cowan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8376-4879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8376-4879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286406326","display_name":"Bureau of Meteorology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp1p98","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286406326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim Cowan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bureau of Meteorology B , , , ","Centre for Applied Climate Sciences A , , , , ","University of Southern Queensland A , , , , "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8376-4879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bureau of Meteorology B , , , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286406326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Climate Sciences A , , , , ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland A , , , , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077777559","display_name":"Rachel Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4260-131X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4260-131X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian National University C , , , , ","Centre for Applied Climate Sciences A , , , , ","Fenner School of Environment & Society C , , , , ","University of Southern Queensland A , , , , "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4260-131X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian National University C , , , , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Climate Sciences A , , , , ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fenner School of Environment & Society C , , , , ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland A , , , , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102633641","display_name":"Sabin Maharjan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9921-5395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9921-5395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabin Maharjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Climate Sciences A , , , , ","University of Southern Queensland A , , , , "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9921-5395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Climate Sciences A , , , , ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland A , , , , ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055780829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286406326","https://openalex.org/I185523456"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12365","display_name":"Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12365","display_name":"Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-heat-stress","display_name":"cattle heat stress","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-grazing","display_name":"livestock grazing","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-load-index","display_name":"heat load index","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-humidity-index","display_name":"temperature-humidity index","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-weather-prediction","display_name":"numerical weather prediction","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-humidity-prediction","display_name":"relative humidity prediction","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forecast-skill","display_name":"forecast skill","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-animal-welfare","display_name":"livestock welfare","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-risk-management","display_name":"heat risk management","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/australia","display_name":"Australia","score":0.3310000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987418964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242165","display_name":"Heat stress","level":2,"score":0.6812999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69332959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2141844","display_name":"Heat index","level":3,"score":0.47269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147947694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837552","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170061395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5468164","display_name":"Forecast skill","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992147540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Adverse weather","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777129202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190107","display_name":"Weather station","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49364354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293777","display_name":"Apparent temperature","level":3,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989353520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2419918","display_name":"Heat load","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187007274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256135","display_name":"Equivalent temperature","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993190167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215864","display_name":"Extreme heat","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187460315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741507","display_name":"Severe weather","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1071/rj25034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj25034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj25034","pdf_url":"https://connectsci.au/rj/article-pdf/doi/10.1071/RJ25034/1975717/rj25034.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75507510","display_name":"The Rangeland Journal","issn_l":"1036-9872","issn":["1036-9872","1834-7541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320302","host_organization_name":"CSIRO Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CSIRO Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Rangeland Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1071/rj25034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj25034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj25034","pdf_url":"https://connectsci.au/rj/article-pdf/doi/10.1071/RJ25034/1975717/rj25034.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75507510","display_name":"The Rangeland Journal","issn_l":"1036-9872","issn":["1036-9872","1834-7541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320302","host_organization_name":"CSIRO Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320302"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CSIRO Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Rangeland Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6875,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.685699999332428,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320464","display_name":"Meat and Livestock Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/02z8j1p10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225324640.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225324640.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982987655","https://openalex.org/W2015452161","https://openalex.org/W2029359308","https://openalex.org/W2030312463","https://openalex.org/W2053542235","https://openalex.org/W2093033782","https://openalex.org/W2109780761","https://openalex.org/W2169273211","https://openalex.org/W2754001138","https://openalex.org/W2885075961","https://openalex.org/W2948538573","https://openalex.org/W2978760571","https://openalex.org/W3041740657","https://openalex.org/W3103507701","https://openalex.org/W4211257092","https://openalex.org/W4223600933","https://openalex.org/W4294031022","https://openalex.org/W4296286730","https://openalex.org/W4392953397","https://openalex.org/W4409981871","https://openalex.org/W4412779974","https://openalex.org/W7123351118","https://openalex.org/W7127337308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7129266358","https://openalex.org/W4392953397","https://openalex.org/W2043715927","https://openalex.org/W4414037222","https://openalex.org/W7224265901","https://openalex.org/W4391071181","https://openalex.org/W4223600933","https://openalex.org/W4291270704","https://openalex.org/W2956577904","https://openalex.org/W7221512903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Australia,":[1,75],"a":[2,7,117,212],"heatwave":[3,33],"is":[4,23],"defined":[5],"as":[6],"run":[8],"of":[9,29,70,173,211],"unusually":[10],"high":[11],"daytime":[12],"and":[13,22,40,101,153,180,208,247],"night-time":[14],"temperatures":[15],"persisting":[16],"for":[17,51,74,167,218,239],"three":[18],"or":[19,54],"more":[20],"days":[21],"routinely":[24],"forecast":[25,111,142,160,198,216,231],"by":[26],"the":[27,78,95,102,110,178,205,249,257],"Bureau":[28],"Meteorology":[30],"through":[31],"its":[32],"service,":[34],"primarily":[35],"to":[36,115,134,147,192,223,251],"support":[37],"human":[38],"health":[39],"community":[41],"safety.":[42],"No":[43],"equivalent":[44],"spatial":[45,68,230],"heat":[46,120,187,242],"stress":[47,73,92,121,175,215],"forecasts":[48,69,85,176],"currently":[49],"exist":[50],"Australian":[52],"cattle":[53,71,119],"other":[55,168],"grazing":[56,220],"livestock,":[57,221],"creating":[58],"an":[59],"important":[60],"information":[61],"gap.":[62],"Here,":[63],"we":[64],"introduce":[65],"7-day":[66],"prototype":[67],"thermal":[72,91,174,214],"derived":[76],"from":[77],"bureau\u2019s":[79],"numerical":[80],"weather":[81],"prediction":[82,194],"system.":[83],"These":[84],"are":[86],"based":[87,170],"on":[88,171,244],"commonly":[89],"used":[90],"metrics,":[93],"including":[94],"Temperature\u2013Humidity":[96],"Index,":[97,100],"Heat":[98],"Load":[99],"Cattle":[103],"Comfort":[104],"Index.":[105],"Our":[106],"results":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"that":[109],"system":[112,195,217],"was":[113,165],"able":[114],"predict":[116],"significant":[118],"event":[122],"across":[123],"southern":[124],"Queensland":[125],"in":[126,149,159,256],"late":[127],"January":[128],"2024":[129],"with":[130,162],"useful":[131],"skill":[132,161],"out":[133],"approximately":[135],"5":[136],"days.":[137],"Beyond":[138],"this":[139,201],"lead":[140,163],"time,":[141],"errors":[143,196],"increased,":[144],"largely":[145],"due":[146,191],"difficulties":[148],"predicting":[150],"relative":[151,222],"humidity":[152],"wind":[154],"speed.":[155],"A":[156],"similar":[157],"decline":[158],"time":[164],"found":[166],"regions,":[169],"verification":[172],"spanning":[177],"2022/23":[179],"2023/24":[181],"austral":[182],"summers.":[183],"Accurately":[184],"forecasting":[185],"cumulative":[186],"load":[188],"remains":[189],"challenging":[190],"inherent":[193],"at":[197],"initialisation.":[199],"Overall,":[200],"study":[202],"highlights":[203],"both":[204],"potential":[206,250],"value":[207],"current":[209],"limitations":[210],"national":[213],"Australia\u2019s":[219],"existing":[224],"subscription-based":[225],"services.":[226],"The":[227],"nationally":[228],"consistent":[229],"prototypes":[232],"presented":[233],"here":[234],"provide":[235],"meaningful":[236],"early":[237],"guidance":[238],"graziers":[240],"managing":[241],"risk":[243],"their":[245],"properties":[246],"have":[248],"improve":[252],"livestock":[253],"welfare":[254],"outcomes":[255],"future.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}