{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225323613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986858","title":"Witness Protection and Fair-Trial Guarantees in Chhattisgarh: A Critical Analysis of Legal Safeguards, Institutional Implementation and Access to Justice","display_name":"Witness Protection and Fair-Trial Guarantees in Chhattisgarh: A Critical Analysis of Legal Safeguards, Institutional Implementation and Access to Justice","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225323613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23986858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986858","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160769431","display_name":"Prateek Sinha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prateek Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University Raipur Chhattisgarh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University Raipur Chhattisgarh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160822630","display_name":"Dr. Shradha Pandey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Shradha Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University Raipur Chhattisgarh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University Raipur Chhattisgarh","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.70169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.70169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.18379999697208405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.0738999992609024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witness-protection","display_name":"witness protection","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witness-intimidation","display_name":"witness intimidation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-a-fair-trial","display_name":"right to a fair trial","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-justice","display_name":"access to justice","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chhattisgarh","display_name":"Chhattisgarh","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bharatiya-nagarik-suraksha-sanhita-2023","display_name":"Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-aid","display_name":"legal aid","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-procedure","display_name":"criminal procedure","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.8568999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6152999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781164112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3858303","display_name":"Intimidation","level":2,"score":0.5662000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C807232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195414","display_name":"Cross-examination","level":3,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777543875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797551","display_name":"Waiver","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909001134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603882","display_name":"State supreme court","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49094488","display_name":"Legal certainty","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23986858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23986859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23986858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23986858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7217595093","https://openalex.org/W7204580700","https://openalex.org/W4413238961","https://openalex.org/W7155170959","https://openalex.org/W6902035774","https://openalex.org/W7172133836","https://openalex.org/W7222670551","https://openalex.org/W7172093349","https://openalex.org/W7161561113","https://openalex.org/W4414518967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Witness":[1,52,205],"intimidation":[2,16],"can":[3],"alter":[4],"investigations":[5],"and":[6,17,23,44,75,90,108,124,136,145,174,181,189,194,221],"trials.":[7],"This":[8],"paper":[9],"provides":[10,161],"an":[11],"in-depth":[12],"analysis":[13],"of":[14,29,34,42,71,88,97,103,111,131,155,165,186,192,202,218],"witness":[15,19,106,203,219],"how":[18],"protection":[20,82,102,110,154],"is":[21],"legally":[22],"institutionally":[24],"provided":[25,197],"in":[26,31,120,150,157,177,200,207,224],"the":[27,32,49,51,64,68,76,95,101,104,109,112,121,129,137,158,168,170,172,216],"state":[28],"Chhattisgarh,":[30],"context":[33],"access":[35,211],"to":[36,47,179,212],"justice.":[37],"It":[38],"adopts":[39],"a":[40,86,162],"combination":[41],"doctrinal":[43],"analytical":[45],"approaches":[46],"examine":[48],"Constitution,":[50],"Protection":[53],"Scheme,":[54],"2018,":[55],"Bharatiya":[56],"Nagarik":[57],"Suraksha":[58],"Sanhita,":[59],"2023,":[60],"specially":[61],"enacted":[62],"provisions,":[63],"supreme":[65],"court":[66],"pronouncements,":[67],"vulnerable-witness":[69],"guidelines":[70],"Chhattisgarh":[72,115],"High":[73],"Court,":[74],"State's":[77],"2025":[78],"justice-capacity":[79],"indicators.":[80],"The":[81,153],"laws":[83],"provide":[84],"for":[85,139],"variety":[87],"flexible":[89],"interim":[91],"measures":[92],"such":[93],"as":[94],"assurance":[96],"confidentiality,":[98],"testimony":[99,196,220],"under":[100],"state,":[105],"relocation":[107],"witness's":[113],"identity.":[114],"has":[116],"many":[117],"institutional":[118],"resources":[119,138],"police":[122],"system":[123,160],"legal":[125,134,140,175,195],"aid":[126,135],"infrastructure.":[127],"Nonetheless,":[128],"lack":[130],"infrastructure":[132],"around":[133],"services,":[141],"coupled":[142],"with":[143],"judicial":[144],"forensic":[146],"gaps,":[147],"may":[148],"result":[149],"unequal":[151],"protection.":[152],"witnesses":[156],"justice":[159],"cross-cutting":[163],"integration":[164],"protections":[166],"from":[167],"court,":[169],"police,":[171],"prosecution,":[173],"aid,":[176],"addition":[178],"protected":[180],"assisted":[182],"filing,":[183],"planned":[184],"mitigation":[185],"regional":[187],"security,":[188],"anonymous":[190],"assessments":[191],"performance":[193],"through":[198],"technology":[199],"support":[201],"rights.":[204],"protection,":[206],"this":[208],"context,":[209],"measurable":[210],"justice,":[213],"would":[214],"improve":[215],"reliability":[217],"ensure":[222],"fairness":[223],"adversarial":[225],"criminal":[226],"proceedings.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
