{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225323193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","title":"Efficacy of Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Lateral Ankle Sprain and Chronic Ankle Instability","display_name":"Efficacy of Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Lateral Ankle Sprain and Chronic Ankle Instability","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225323193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160851410","display_name":"Mercedes Ortiz-Romero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mercedes Ortiz-Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160761582","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Manzorro Ram\u00edrez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iv\u00e1n Manzorro Ram\u00edrez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025674011","display_name":"Luis Mar\u00eda Gordillo-Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4141-4501","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4141-4501"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis M. Gordillo-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11068","display_name":"Tendon Structure and Treatment","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"neuromodulation","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-ankle-sprain","display_name":"lateral ankle sprain","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-ankle-instability","display_name":"chronic ankle instability","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromuscular-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"neuromuscular electrical stimulation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation","display_name":"transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proprioceptive-training","display_name":"proprioceptive training","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-rehabilitation","display_name":"exercise rehabilitation","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postural-control","display_name":"postural control","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-position-sense","display_name":"joint position sense","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle-pain","display_name":"ankle pain","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-to-sport","display_name":"return to sport","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8860999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6039000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171790689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129066","display_name":"Proprioception","level":2,"score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.5250999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071287","display_name":"Percutaneous","level":2,"score":0.4406000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776443511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1724687","display_name":"Neurostimulation","level":3,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514863369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427967","display_name":"Manual therapy","level":3,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60465272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494478","display_name":"Range of motion","level":2,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653580","display_name":"Electrical muscle stimulation","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992312574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306275","display_name":"Ankle sprain","level":3,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780118021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142091","display_name":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","level":3,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863803","display_name":"Cryotherapy","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0565.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221184699","https://openalex.org/W7154569849","https://openalex.org/W4413270063","https://openalex.org/W2162442986","https://openalex.org/W1992028531","https://openalex.org/W4399864125","https://openalex.org/W7134968365","https://openalex.org/W2770925619","https://openalex.org/W4311469237","https://openalex.org/W4252706689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Lateral":[1],"ankle":[2,24],"sprain":[3],"(LAS)":[4],"is":[5,265],"one":[6,116,151,154,191,233],"of":[7,17,69,73,91,143,160,178],"the":[8,55],"most":[9,266],"common":[10],"musculoskeletal":[11],"injuries,":[12],"and":[13,51,53,75,87,119,146,153,157,166,216,222,277],"a":[14,38,62,66,158,260],"large":[15],"proportion":[16],"patients":[18],"go":[19],"on":[20,242],"to":[21,31,94,169,254],"develop":[22],"chronic":[23],"instability":[25],"(CAI).":[26],"Neuromodulation,":[27],"ranging":[28],"from":[29],"transcutaneous":[30],"percutaneous":[32],"techniques,":[33],"has":[34],"been":[35],"proposed":[36],"as":[37,251,259],"conservative":[39],"adjunct":[40,253],"for":[41,268],"both":[42],"conditions.":[43],"This":[44],"review":[45,64],"examined":[46],"its":[47],"efficacy":[48],"in":[49,150,181,190,196,232,245,273],"LAS":[50,128,235],"CAI":[52,200],"compared":[54],"available":[56],"modalities.":[57],"Methods:":[58],"We":[59],"carried":[60],"out":[61],"narrative":[63],"with":[65,89,137,207,271],"structured":[67],"search":[68],"PubMed,":[70],"Scopus,":[71],"Web":[72],"Science":[74],"Embase":[76],"(January\u2013March":[77],"2026),":[78],"reported":[79,163],"following":[80],"PRISMA":[81],"2020.":[82],"Studies":[83],"published":[84],"between":[85],"2015":[86],"2026":[88],"levels":[90],"evidence":[92,264],"1":[93],"3":[95],"were":[96,104,132],"eligible.":[97],"Of":[98],"511":[99],"records":[100],"identified,":[101],"19":[102],"studies":[103],"included:":[105],"three":[106],"systematic":[107],"reviews,":[108,172],"eleven":[109],"randomized":[110,155],"trials,":[111],"two":[112,120],"non-randomized":[113,234],"controlled":[114],"studies,":[115],"cohort":[117,152],"study":[118],"case":[121],"series":[122],"or":[123],"case-control":[124],"studies.":[125],"Results:":[126],"In":[127,199],"(nine":[129],"studies),":[130,202],"results":[131],"heterogeneous.":[133],"Low-frequency":[134],"stimulation":[135,180,186],"combined":[136,206,270],"proprioceptive":[138],"training":[139],"improved":[140,209],"pain,":[141],"range":[142],"motion,":[144],"strength":[145],"joint":[147],"position":[148],"sense":[149],"trial,":[156],"trial":[159,193],"non-invasive":[161],"neurostimulation":[162],"less":[164],"pain":[165],"faster":[167],"return":[168],"sport.":[170],"Two":[171],"however,":[173],"found":[174],"no":[175],"added":[176],"benefit":[177],"electrical":[179,185],"acute":[182,240],"sprains.":[183],"Neuromuscular":[184],"(NMES)":[187],"reduced":[188],"edema":[189],"pilot":[192],"but":[194,237],"not":[195],"another":[197],"study.":[198],"(ten":[201],"six-week":[203],"NMES":[204,269],"programs":[205,224],"exercise":[208,272],"balance,":[210],"muscle":[211],"morphology,":[212],"frontal-plane":[213],"motor":[214],"control":[215,244],"patient-reported":[217],"outcomes,":[218],"whereas":[219],"single":[220],"sessions":[221],"two-week":[223],"did":[225],"not.":[226],"Percutaneous":[227],"techniques":[228],"showed":[229],"rapid":[230],"effects":[231,241],"report":[236],"only":[238],"limited":[239],"postural":[243],"CAI.":[246,274],"Conclusions:":[247],"Neuromodulation":[248],"appears":[249],"useful":[250],"an":[252],"exercise-based":[255],"rehabilitation":[256],"rather":[257],"than":[258],"stand-alone":[261],"treatment.":[262],"The":[263],"consistent":[267],"Standardized":[275],"protocols":[276],"more":[278],"rigorous":[279],"trials":[280],"are":[281],"required.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}