{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225322947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","title":"Strategies for Pacific Empowerment and Alcohol Reduction for Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Young Adults: Study Protocol for a Community Randomized Controlled Trial","display_name":"Strategies for Pacific Empowerment and Alcohol Reduction for Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Young Adults: Study Protocol for a Community Randomized Controlled Trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225322947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10295786/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10295786/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071578681","display_name":"Andrew M. Subica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-7668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-7668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Subica","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057819615","display_name":"Erick G. Guerrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-5710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-5710"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erick Guerrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research to End Health Disparities Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research to End Health Disparities Corporation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087574088","display_name":"Scott K. Okamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-5354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-5354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039246","display_name":"University of Hawaii Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00kt3nk56","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039246"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Okamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawai\u2018i Cancer Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawai\u2018i Cancer Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005796885","display_name":"Nia Aitaoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-9688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-9688"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nia Aitaoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Islander Center for Primary Care Excellence"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Islander Center for Primary Care Excellence","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160931216","display_name":"Howard Moss","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard Moss","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085913930","display_name":"Derek Kenji Iwamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8587-9389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8587-9389"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek Iwamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022267725","display_name":"Esra K\u00fcr\u00fcm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-1671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-1671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esra Kurum","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160809789","display_name":"Li-Tzy Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Tzy Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10348","display_name":"Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-use-disorder-prevention","display_name":"alcohol use disorder prevention","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binge-drinking","display_name":"binge drinking","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culturally-grounded-interventions","display_name":"culturally grounded interventions","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coping-with-stress","display_name":"stress coping","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distress-communication","display_name":"distress communication","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-related-harm","display_name":"alcohol-related harm","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.7350999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6822999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779442783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15326","display_name":"Alcohol use disorder","level":3,"score":0.6312000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967030","display_name":"Brief intervention","level":3,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020641676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065556","display_name":"Pacific islanders","level":3,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776679223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1521260","display_name":"Binge drinking","level":4,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110131835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153659","display_name":"Self-efficacy","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4713263","display_name":"Alcohol dependence","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684868","display_name":"Attrition","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780931562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331102","display_name":"Alcohol abuse","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759158","display_name":"Motivational interviewing","level":3,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779909229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154595","display_name":"Community-based participatory research","level":3,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775951005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3473024","display_name":"Community health","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10295786/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10295786/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10295786/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol","display_name":"Study Protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225322947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225322947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180853570","https://openalex.org/W1577230560","https://openalex.org/W1946679940","https://openalex.org/W1979306184","https://openalex.org/W1987822120","https://openalex.org/W1995690438","https://openalex.org/W2009631525","https://openalex.org/W2013510400","https://openalex.org/W2025689900","https://openalex.org/W2036873685","https://openalex.org/W2045657236","https://openalex.org/W2065749015","https://openalex.org/W2067723844","https://openalex.org/W2069057915","https://openalex.org/W2072933466","https://openalex.org/W2076293438","https://openalex.org/W2078888580","https://openalex.org/W2083828625","https://openalex.org/W2087394868","https://openalex.org/W2096428332","https://openalex.org/W2096822489","https://openalex.org/W2097997306","https://openalex.org/W2119401330","https://openalex.org/W2123409955","https://openalex.org/W2131247984","https://openalex.org/W2133963272","https://openalex.org/W2142364774","https://openalex.org/W2156805753","https://openalex.org/W2166759242","https://openalex.org/W2167865526","https://openalex.org/W2171834571","https://openalex.org/W2172036914","https://openalex.org/W2177308564","https://openalex.org/W2200917453","https://openalex.org/W2587486370","https://openalex.org/W2936874408","https://openalex.org/W2941785587","https://openalex.org/W2972415812","https://openalex.org/W2994962249","https://openalex.org/W3023584768","https://openalex.org/W3043005450","https://openalex.org/W3193184091","https://openalex.org/W4247571236","https://openalex.org/W4300947291","https://openalex.org/W4391741122","https://openalex.org/W4392359639","https://openalex.org/W4409479672","https://openalex.org/W4409875165","https://openalex.org/W7133326073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193184091","https://openalex.org/W3023584768","https://openalex.org/W6929197161","https://openalex.org/W7213433704","https://openalex.org/W4414057327","https://openalex.org/W7220903303","https://openalex.org/W2972415812","https://openalex.org/W7133326073","https://openalex.org/W7129692809","https://openalex.org/W2801783130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Native":[2],"Hawaiian/Pacific":[3],"Islander":[4],"(NH/PI)":[5],"young":[6,59,109,203],"adults":[7,110],"endure":[8],"severe":[9],"disparities":[10,48,215],"in":[11,213],"alcohol":[12,26,62,69,101,130,179],"use":[13],"disorder":[14],"(AUD)":[15],"and":[16,34,54,64,74,97,132,154,156,181,216],"alcohol-related":[17],"harms,":[18],"yet":[19],"NH/PI":[20,58,108,127,176,202,228],"are":[21],"almost":[22],"entirely":[23],"absent":[24],"from":[25],"trials":[27],"research.":[28],"SPEAR":[29,87,207],"(Strategies":[30],"for":[31,57,169,194,201,226],"Pacific":[32],"Empowerment":[33],"Alcohol":[35],"Reduction)":[36],"is":[37,139],"a":[38,81,195,210,221],"culturally":[39,196],"grounded,":[40],"five-session":[41],"group":[42],"intervention":[43,200],"designed":[44],"to":[45,116],"reduce":[46],"these":[47],"by":[49,219],"targeting":[50],"five":[51],"empirically-identified":[52],"risk":[53],"protective":[55],"mechanisms":[56],"adult":[60],"AUDs:":[61],"knowledge":[63],"attitudes,":[65],"cultural":[66],"drinking":[67,144],"norms,":[68],"refusal":[70],"skills,":[71],"stress":[72],"coping,":[73],"distress":[75],"communication.":[76],"Methods/Design":[77],"This":[78,186],"protocol":[79],"describes":[80],"two-arm":[82],"randomized":[83],"controlled":[84],"trial":[85,104,187],"evaluating":[86],"versus":[88],"an":[89],"active":[90],"control":[91],"matched":[92],"on":[93],"format,":[94],"setting,":[95],"attention,":[96],"peer":[98],"contact":[99],"without":[100],"content.":[102],"The":[103,136],"will":[105,160,188],"recruit":[106],"200":[107],"(100":[111],"per":[112],"arm)":[113],"aged":[114],"18":[115],"30":[117],"years":[118],"with":[119],"elevated":[120],"AUD":[121,134,183,198,223],"risk.":[122,135,184],"Eligibility":[123,172],"criteria":[124,173],"include":[125,174],"self-reported":[126,175],"heritage,":[128,177],"past-month":[129,178],"use,":[131,180],"screened":[133,182],"primary":[137],"outcome":[138],"frequency":[140],"of":[141],"heavy":[142],"episodic":[143],"days":[145],"(Daily":[146],"Drinking":[147],"Questionnaire)":[148],"assessed":[149],"at":[150],"pretest,":[151],"immediate":[152],"posttest,":[153],"3-":[155],"6-month":[157],"follow-up.":[158],"Analyses":[159],"follow":[161],"intention-to-treat":[162],"principles":[163],"using":[164],"generalized":[165],"linear":[166],"mixed":[167],"models":[168],"repeated":[170],"measures.":[171],"Discussion":[185],"provide":[189],"the":[190],"first":[191],"efficacy":[192],"evidence":[193],"grounded":[197],"prevention":[199,217,224],"adults.":[204],"If":[205],"efficacious,":[206],"could":[208],"address":[209],"substantial":[211],"gap":[212],"health":[214],"science":[218],"providing":[220],"scalable":[222],"approach":[225],"at-risk":[227],"communities.":[229],"Trial":[230],"Registration":[231],"ClinicalTrials.gov":[232],"Identifier:":[233],"NCT06337721;":[234],"Registered":[235],"03-29-2024":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
