{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225322660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste4040041","title":"Hydrogen Production from Food Waste by Integrated Dark Fermentation, Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Reforming: An Electron-Resolved Model","display_name":"Hydrogen Production from Food Waste by Integrated Dark Fermentation, Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Reforming: An Electron-Resolved Model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225322660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste4040041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/waste4040041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste4040041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste4040041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282214","display_name":"Waste","issn_l":"2813-0391","issn":["2813-0391"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Waste","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste4040041","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001230915","display_name":"Mamo Abawalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-2992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-2992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mamo Abawalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-2992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041980229","display_name":"Krzysztof Piko\u0144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-7247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-7247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Piko\u0144","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-7247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068690259","display_name":"Marcin Landrat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-6578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-6578"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Landrat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-6578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129032370","display_name":"Bartosz Gogol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5362-3169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5362-3169"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bartosz Gogol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master Odpady i Energia Sp. z o.o., 43-100 Tychy, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5362-3169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master Odpady i Energia Sp. z o.o., 43-100 Tychy, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115017457","display_name":"Getu Koro Megersa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Getu Koro Megersa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Materials Technologies, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Materials Technologies, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001230915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"41","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10495","display_name":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-waste","display_name":"food waste","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-fermentation","display_name":"dark fermentation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-digestion","display_name":"anaerobic digestion","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biogas-reforming","display_name":"biogas reforming","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-oxygen-demand","display_name":"chemical oxygen demand","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-yield","display_name":"hydrogen yield","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-energy","display_name":"specific energy","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-budget","display_name":"carbon balance","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499616599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555853","display_name":"Anaerobic digestion","level":3,"score":0.642799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75212476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171076","display_name":"Biogas","level":2,"score":0.5983999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777499484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18919","display_name":"Food waste","level":2,"score":0.5932999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188287460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555857","display_name":"Chemical oxygen demand","level":3,"score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193478032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5444387","display_name":"Fermentative hydrogen production","level":5,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5257999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.5175999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929999","display_name":"Hydrogen production","level":3,"score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170603348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5223512","display_name":"Dark fermentation","level":5,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156380964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556","display_name":"Bioenergy","level":3,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9682599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11549077","display_name":"Hydrogen fuel","level":3,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1124016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864917","display_name":"Biohydrogen","level":4,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67334161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457904","display_name":"Continuous stirred-tank reactor","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7453809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568469","display_name":"Energy carrier","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/waste4040041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste4040041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste4040041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282214","display_name":"Waste","issn_l":"2813-0391","issn":["2813-0391"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Waste","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/waste4040041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste4040041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/waste4040041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282214","display_name":"Waste","issn_l":"2813-0391","issn":["2813-0391"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Waste","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1061972150","https://openalex.org/W1964859712","https://openalex.org/W1968484807","https://openalex.org/W1970648125","https://openalex.org/W1988409790","https://openalex.org/W1992466254","https://openalex.org/W2016801260","https://openalex.org/W2038430962","https://openalex.org/W2047937814","https://openalex.org/W2053186068","https://openalex.org/W2139816774","https://openalex.org/W2162251512","https://openalex.org/W2168793888","https://openalex.org/W2232298014","https://openalex.org/W2262846595","https://openalex.org/W2625111953","https://openalex.org/W2767606997","https://openalex.org/W2789247578","https://openalex.org/W2800296799","https://openalex.org/W3081244164","https://openalex.org/W3125886791","https://openalex.org/W4210494092","https://openalex.org/W4213113330","https://openalex.org/W4284882742","https://openalex.org/W4383495950","https://openalex.org/W4386380422","https://openalex.org/W4391346509","https://openalex.org/W4404710704","https://openalex.org/W4405196201","https://openalex.org/W4406633877","https://openalex.org/W4408220645","https://openalex.org/W4410038007","https://openalex.org/W4410521361","https://openalex.org/W4412854737","https://openalex.org/W4415861908","https://openalex.org/W7167077529","https://openalex.org/W7204780720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2175354691","https://openalex.org/W2276169790","https://openalex.org/W7117482836","https://openalex.org/W3081244164","https://openalex.org/W3178537934","https://openalex.org/W3137643359","https://openalex.org/W2130798304","https://openalex.org/W1999607392","https://openalex.org/W4367397016","https://openalex.org/W2996572008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"dark":[1],"fermentation":[2],"(DF),":[3],"anaerobic":[4],"digestion":[5],"(AD),":[6],"and":[7,19,47,52,60,82,88,106,123,136,163,177],"biogas":[8],"reforming":[9,87],"have":[10],"been":[11],"proposed":[12],"for":[13,129],"converting":[14],"food":[15],"waste":[16],"to":[17,44,68],"hydrogen":[18,30],"are":[20],"usually":[21],"assessed":[22],"by":[23,33,104,109,121,127,134],"yield.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"proves":[27],"that":[28,61],"total":[29],"is":[31,194],"fixed":[32],"the":[34,40,65,93,160,169,175],"chemical":[35],"oxygen":[36,62],"demand":[37],"(COD)":[38],"of":[39,192],"feed":[41,63],"minus":[42],"losses":[43],"biomass,":[45],"residue,":[46],"oxidation,":[48],"so":[49],"metabolic":[50],"route":[51],"reformer":[53,66,100],"configuration":[54],"act":[55],"only":[56],"through":[57],"these":[58],"losses,":[59],"lowers":[64],"ceiling":[67],"4":[69],"\u2212":[70],"2nO2":[71],"mol":[72,75],"H2":[73],"per":[74],"CH4.":[76],"A":[77],"process":[78,90],"model":[79],"enforcing":[80],"carbon":[81],"COD":[83],"balances,":[84],"with":[85],"Gibbs-equilibrium":[86],"all":[89],"fuel":[91],"inside":[92],"control":[94],"volume,":[95],"quantified":[96],"them.":[97],"Across":[98],"eight":[99],"configurations,":[101],"yield":[102,120,170,176,182],"varied":[103],"20.6%":[105],"specific":[107,125,152],"energy":[108,126,153,178],"62.0%.":[110],"On":[111],"a":[112,130],"carbohydrate":[113],"basis,":[114],"adding":[115],"DF":[116],"before":[117],"AD":[118],"raised":[119],"17.4%":[122],"lowered":[124],"26.1%;":[128],"three-fraction":[131],"food-waste":[132],"composition,":[133],"5.3%":[135],"9.8%.":[137],"Over":[138],"200":[139],"parameter":[140],"draws,":[141],"four":[142],"configurations":[143],"maximised":[144],"yield,":[145],"none":[146],"in":[147,154],"over":[148],"38.5%;":[149],"one":[150],"minimised":[151],"86.5%.":[155],"These":[156],"frequencies":[157],"depend":[158],"on":[159],"declared":[161],"ranges":[162],"equilibrium":[164],"reforming;":[165],"at":[166,197],"15":[167],"bar":[168],"winner":[171],"remained":[172],"split,":[173],"although":[174],"optima":[179],"coincided.":[180],"Hydrogen":[181],"should":[183],"be":[184],"constrained":[185],"rather":[186],"than":[187],"optimised,":[188],"because":[189],"its":[190],"ranking":[191],"designs":[193],"not":[195],"identifiable":[196],"present.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
