{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225322235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23984132","title":"Reassessing the Evolution of Permanently Enlarged Human Breasts: A Critical Response to Paw\u0142owski and \u017bela\u017aniewicz (2021)","display_name":"Reassessing the Evolution of Permanently Enlarged Human Breasts: A Critical Response to Paw\u0142owski and \u017bela\u017aniewicz (2021)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225322235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23984132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:23988673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114776721/Beauty_and_the_beast_mechanisms_of_sexual_selection_in_humans","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114776721/Beauty_and_the_beast_mechanisms_of_sexual_selection_in_humans","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160640096","display_name":"Shannon Lynn Walsh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shannon Lynn Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160640096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10756","display_name":"Estrogen and related hormone effects","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-selection","display_name":"sexual selection","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-attraction","display_name":"sexual attraction","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcutaneous-adiposity","display_name":"subcutaneous adiposity","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrine-changes","display_name":"endocrine changes","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dehydroepiandrosterone","display_name":"dehydroepiandrosterone","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate","display_name":"dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammary-gland-development","display_name":"mammary gland development","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130981225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206913","display_name":"Sexual selection","level":2,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130440534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14946528","display_name":"Conflation","level":2,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152541439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693","display_name":"Critical appraisal","level":3,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185554395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83944","display_name":"Human evolution","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994423619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9103","display_name":"Human breast","level":4,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988562018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063","display_name":"Biological evolution","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7386963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954859","display_name":"Negative selection","level":4,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989147100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063","display_name":"Evolutionary theory","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:23988673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114776721/Beauty_and_the_beast_mechanisms_of_sexual_selection_in_humans","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:23984133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23984133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:23989310","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:23989649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23984132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23984132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23984132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23984133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23984133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23984133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23988673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23988673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23988673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23989310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23989649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:23988673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114776721/Beauty_and_the_beast_mechanisms_of_sexual_selection_in_humans","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3180083983","https://openalex.org/W2010630853","https://openalex.org/W2082697128","https://openalex.org/W2057901673","https://openalex.org/W4377232017","https://openalex.org/W2954237364","https://openalex.org/W1970110878","https://openalex.org/W4413811007","https://openalex.org/W2532412182","https://openalex.org/W2322861766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Paw\u0142owski":[0],"and":[1,21,42,59,79,120,153,177,195,207,238],"\u017bela\u017aniewicz":[2],"(2021)":[3],"argue":[4],"that":[5,63,97,224],"permanent":[6],"female":[7],"breast":[8,88,124],"enlargement":[9],"probably":[10],"originated":[11],"as":[12,73,95],"a":[13,116],"developmental":[14],"by-product":[15],"of":[16,56,83,105,129,156,160,240],"selection":[17,227],"on":[18,53,60],"subcutaneous":[19],"adiposity":[20],"endocrine":[22],"changes,":[23],"with":[24,126,138,144,149,158],"sexual":[25,130,226],"attraction":[26],"arising":[27],"through":[28],"subsequent":[29],"co-option.":[30],"Their":[31],"review":[32],"is":[33,166,228],"valuable":[34],"in":[35,43,90,102],"distinguishing":[36],"present-day":[37],"function":[38],"from":[39,189],"evolutionary":[40,180],"origin":[41,218],"challenging":[44],"simplistic":[45],"fertility-signalling":[46],"accounts.":[47],"Yet":[48],"its":[49,170],"comparative":[50,222],"assessment":[51],"relies":[52],"several":[54],"mischaracterizations":[55],"primary":[57],"evidence":[58,96,200],"causal":[61,172,242],"extrapolations":[62],"are":[64,93,174,244],"not":[65],"consistently":[66],"subjected":[67],"to":[68],"the":[69,127,178,221,236],"same":[70],"evidentiary":[71],"standard":[72],"competing":[74],"hypotheses.":[75],"Most":[76],"notably,":[77],"Ford":[78],"Beach's":[80],"(1951)":[81],"records":[82],"explicit":[84],"preferences":[85,203],"for":[86,204],"particular":[87],"morphologies":[89],"13":[91,104],"societies":[92],"treated":[94],"breasts":[98,206],"were":[99],"sexually":[100],"important":[101],"only":[103],"approximately":[106],"190-191":[107],"societies.":[108],"An":[109],"earlier":[110],"interpretation":[111],"by":[112],"Dettwyler":[113],"(1995)":[114],"makes":[115],"closely":[117],"related":[118],"error":[119],"further":[121],"conflates":[122],"recorded":[123],"stimulation":[125],"prevalence":[128],"attraction.":[131],"Other":[132],"citations":[133],"conflate":[134],"conditional":[135],"laboratory":[136],"responses":[137],"general":[139],"regional":[140],"lipolysis,":[141],"breast-cancer":[142],"prognosis":[143],"incidence,":[145],"human":[146],"cell-line":[147],"findings":[148],"chimpanzee":[150],"receptor":[151],"distributions,":[152],"tissue":[154],"concentrations":[155],"DHEA":[157],"those":[159],"DHEAS.":[161],"The":[162,198],"proposed":[163],"dietary-adrenal-neurodevelopmental-mammary":[164],"sequence":[165,181],"biologically":[167],"conceivable,":[168],"but":[169,235],"key":[171],"links":[173],"mechanistically":[175],"underdetermined":[176],"complete":[179],"remains":[182,233],"untested.":[183],"We":[184],"distinguish":[185],"confirmed":[186],"citation":[187],"problems":[188],"defensible":[190],"empirical":[191],"claims,":[192],"interpretive":[193],"disagreements":[194],"unresolved":[196],"questions.":[197],"available":[199],"weakens":[201],"universal":[202],"large":[205],"strong":[208],"honest-fecundity":[209],"signalling":[210],"accounts;":[211],"it":[212],"neither":[213],"establishes":[214],"an":[215],"exclusively":[216],"sexual-selection":[217],"nor":[219],"supports":[220],"claim":[223],"original":[225],"unlikely.":[229],"A":[230],"pluralistic":[231],"model":[232],"viable,":[234],"order":[237],"magnitude":[239],"putative":[241],"contributions":[243],"presently":[245],"indeterminate.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}