{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225320286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","title":"Chemical weathering progress and whole-rock mineral assemblage changes associated with slope geo-hazards in Guangdong, China","display_name":"Chemical weathering progress and whole-rock mineral assemblage changes associated with slope geo-hazards in Guangdong, China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225320286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198573919","display_name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","issn_l":"1866-6280","issn":["1866-6280","1866-6299"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684148","display_name":"Junling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-3531","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-3531"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018690959","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/0356cst02","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I3018690959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-3531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I3018690959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159523265","display_name":"Zhaoyu Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018690959","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/0356cst02","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I3018690959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I3018690959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113393809","display_name":"Zhanhui Qing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0623-4062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0623-4062"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanhui Qing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geological Environment Monitoring Station of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510308, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geological Environment Monitoring Station of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510308, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000111746","display_name":"\u4e01\u751f\u660c","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018690959","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/0356cst02","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I3018690959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengchang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I3018690959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160802603","display_name":"Jinxiang Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geological Environment Monitoring Station of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510308, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geological Environment Monitoring Station of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510308, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160972256","display_name":"Changji Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changji Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Water Northeastern Investigation, Design & Research Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Water Northeastern Investigation, Design & Research Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130061, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160827806","display_name":"Huayong Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018690959","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/0356cst02","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I3018690959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huayong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I3018690959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100684148"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I3018690959"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2290},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"17","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.5985999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.5985999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13102","display_name":"Soil and Environmental Studies","score":0.24079999327659607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11740","display_name":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","score":0.0763000026345253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-weathering","display_name":"chemical weathering","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslides","display_name":"landslides","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-collapse","display_name":"rock collapse","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-index-of-alteration","display_name":"chemical index of alteration","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igneous-rock","display_name":"igneous rock","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sedimentary-rock","display_name":"sedimentary rock","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kaolinite","display_name":"kaolinite","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clay-minerals","display_name":"clay minerals","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weathering-intensity","display_name":"weathering intensity","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guangdong-province","display_name":"Guangdong","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42787717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42045","display_name":"Igneous rock","level":2,"score":0.8579000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40724407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179177","display_name":"Weathering","level":2,"score":0.8553000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7231000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6494504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82480","display_name":"Sedimentary rock","level":2,"score":0.7142999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779899878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223197","display_name":"Kaolinite","level":2,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778520076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170258","display_name":"Feldspar","level":3,"score":0.5192000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178977","display_name":"Silicate minerals","level":3,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776432453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7946","display_name":"Mineral","level":2,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777335606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7130787","display_name":"Silicate","level":2,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40212044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799034","display_name":"Clay minerals","level":2,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177921069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13542723","display_name":"Parent rock","level":3,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780049196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23582628","display_name":"Provenance","level":2,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779256693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622845","display_name":"Laterite","level":3,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43010","display_name":"Quartz","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777110262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q792425","display_name":"Large igneous province","level":4,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137527640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570309","display_name":"Bedrock","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138170599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612133","display_name":"Clastic rock","level":3,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781297371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234852","display_name":"Basement","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184269829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282070","display_name":"Pedogenesis","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780659211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181699","display_name":"Carbonate","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778849375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178928","display_name":"Zircon","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776797426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15755805","display_name":"Biogeosciences","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66264921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mineral exploration","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186295008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167903","display_name":"Landslide","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554952","display_name":"Soil production function","level":4,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198573919","display_name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","issn_l":"1866-6280","issn":["1866-6280","1866-6299"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-026-13187-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198573919","display_name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","issn_l":"1866-6280","issn":["1866-6280","1866-6299"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327605","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225320286.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225320286.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600744065","https://openalex.org/W1966207504","https://openalex.org/W1977185483","https://openalex.org/W1978146781","https://openalex.org/W1996891915","https://openalex.org/W2002730540","https://openalex.org/W2007985863","https://openalex.org/W2008587428","https://openalex.org/W2012696023","https://openalex.org/W2016223358","https://openalex.org/W2021899606","https://openalex.org/W2024708018","https://openalex.org/W2029401070","https://openalex.org/W2033025648","https://openalex.org/W2044029347","https://openalex.org/W2078479951","https://openalex.org/W2083304964","https://openalex.org/W2090233117","https://openalex.org/W2125181710","https://openalex.org/W2168659329","https://openalex.org/W2327296868","https://openalex.org/W2784125801","https://openalex.org/W2792546905","https://openalex.org/W3083309978","https://openalex.org/W3203319858","https://openalex.org/W4390511925","https://openalex.org/W4404020332","https://openalex.org/W4410753735","https://openalex.org/W4411254757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283169263","https://openalex.org/W4389562609","https://openalex.org/W2969735737","https://openalex.org/W3036676423","https://openalex.org/W1985609036","https://openalex.org/W2135587773","https://openalex.org/W7168122278","https://openalex.org/W4281564219","https://openalex.org/W2142541271","https://openalex.org/W3158125381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"geochemical":[1],"and":[2,11,31,35,47,71,106,113,150,173],"mineralogical":[3],"processes":[4],"underlying":[5],"the":[6,100,133,179,197,224],"mechanical":[7],"weakening":[8],"of":[9,53,97,103,168,219,237],"rock":[10],"soil":[12],"in":[13,33,153,223],"subtropical":[14],"South":[15],"China":[16],"remain":[17,165],"insufficiently":[18],"quantified.":[19],"We":[20],"evaluated":[21],"lithology-dependent":[22],"chemical":[23,101],"weathering":[24,221],"as":[25,234],"an":[26],"intrinsic":[27],"background":[28],"for":[29,81,99,108,115],"collapses":[30],"landslides":[32],"northern":[34],"eastern":[36],"Guangdong,":[37],"China,":[38],"coupling":[39],"6,841":[40],"mapped":[41],"hazard":[42,64],"sites":[43],"with":[44,158,194],"X-ray":[45,49],"fluorescence":[46],"whole-rock":[48],"diffraction":[50],"(XRD)":[51],"analyses":[52],"40":[54],"samples":[55],"from":[56,210],"11":[57],"sites.":[58],"Igneous-rock":[59],"areas":[60],"show":[61,145],"higher":[62,73],"total":[63],"density":[65,75],"(13.58":[66],"vs.":[67],"9.49":[68],"sites/100":[69],"km\u00b2)":[70],"1.9-fold":[72],"collapse":[74],"than":[76],"sedimentary-rock":[77],"areas.":[78],"After":[79],"correction":[80],"silicate":[82],"CaO":[83],"(CaO*)":[84],"using":[85],"measured":[86],"P\u2082O\u2085,":[87],"igneous":[88,154,226],"products":[89],"have":[90],"site-balanced":[91],"means":[92,94],"(site":[93],"averaged":[95],"equally)":[96],"88.3":[98],"index":[102],"alteration":[104],"(CIA)":[105],"71.9":[107],"parent-rock-normalized":[109],"CIA-rate,":[110],"versus":[111],"85.0":[112],"21.7":[114],"sedimentary":[116,229],"products.":[117,155],"CIA":[118],"distributions":[119],"overlap":[120],"despite":[121],"a":[122],"modest":[123],"sample-level":[124],"difference":[125],"(exact":[126,137],"p":[127,138],"=":[128,139],"0.043),":[129],"whereas":[130],"CIA-rate":[131,206],"separates":[132],"product":[134],"groups":[135],"completely":[136],"1.0":[140],"\u00d7":[141],"10\u207b\u2077).":[142],"Whole-rock":[143],"assemblages":[144],"feldspar":[146],"depletion,":[147],"quartz":[148],"persistence":[149],"kaolinite":[151],"enrichment":[152],"Sedimentary":[156],"products,":[157],"each":[159],"subtype":[160],"represented":[161],"by":[162],"one":[163],"site,":[164],"heterogeneous":[166],"because":[167],"inherited":[169],"2:1":[170],"clay":[171],"minerals":[172],"framework":[174],"grains.":[175],"Mineral-ratio":[176],"differences":[177,209],"within":[178],"conservative":[180],"XRD":[181],"sensitivity":[182],"envelopes":[183],"are":[184],"not":[185,201],"interpreted.":[186],"These":[187],"patterns":[188],"characterize":[189],"lithology-specific":[190,212],"weathered":[191],"materials":[192],"associated":[193],"regional":[195],"hazards;":[196],"observational":[198],"design":[199],"does":[200],"establish":[202],"independent":[203],"causal":[204],"contributions.":[205],"expresses":[207],"normalized":[208],"selected":[211],"parent-material":[213],"baselines.":[214],"Mineral":[215],"ratios":[216],"support":[217],"interpretation":[218],"relative":[220],"intensity":[222],"sampled":[225],"rocks.":[227],"In":[228],"rocks,":[230],"they":[231],"serve":[232],"only":[233],"lithology-sensitive":[235],"descriptors":[236],"mineral":[238],"assemblages.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}