{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225318088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213449","title":"Identifying Genes Conferring Rust Resistance in Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Through Genome-Wide Association Analysis Based on Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS)","display_name":"Identifying Genes Conferring Rust Resistance in Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Through Genome-Wide Association Analysis Based on Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225318088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15213449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213449","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102007063","display_name":"Xiaodan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-2341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-2341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-2341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151088215","display_name":"Zihan Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160777445","display_name":"Ningning Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningning Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160799320","display_name":"Sian Peng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sian Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160892288","display_name":"Tangyi Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tangyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057424256","display_name":"Yanmin Qie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160206","display_name":"Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051p3cy55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160206"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmin Qie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang 050035, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101522649","display_name":"Lige Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-7990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-7990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160206","display_name":"Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051p3cy55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160206"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lige Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang 050035, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160798028","display_name":"Shihui Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102527470","display_name":"Weina Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weina Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160947648","display_name":"Yongxia Guo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongxia Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160801959","display_name":"Jidao Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jidao Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160801959","https://openalex.org/A5160947648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"21","first_page":"3449","last_page":"3449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12115","display_name":"Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies","score":0.7797999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12115","display_name":"Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies","score":0.7797999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.10830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10733","display_name":"Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology","score":0.041999999433755875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adzuki-bean","display_name":"Vigna angularis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rust-resistance","display_name":"rust resistance","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uromyces-vignae","display_name":"Uromyces vignae","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-genes","display_name":"resistance genes","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snp-markers","display_name":"SNP markers","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kasp-markers","display_name":"KASP markers","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marker-assisted-breeding","display_name":"marker-assisted breeding","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-structure","display_name":"population structure","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germplasm-screening","display_name":"germplasm screening","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8956000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.7044000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197781089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575650","display_name":"Rust (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6596999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190789776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767511","display_name":"Genetic marker","level":3,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93678976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4215946","display_name":"Plant disease resistance","level":3,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23085057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532877","display_name":"Genetic analysis","level":3,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69991583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423575","display_name":"Candidate gene","level":3,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186413461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744727","display_name":"Genetic association","level":5,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30481170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37748","display_name":"Chromosome","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81941488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853421","display_name":"Quantitative trait locus","level":3,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134443026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4809584","display_name":"Association mapping","level":5,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777160741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2311855","display_name":"Molecular marker","level":3,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149737253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240252","display_name":"Polymorphism (computer science)","level":4,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954823","display_name":"Marker-assisted selection","level":4,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44671064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189800","display_name":"Gene pool","level":4,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15213449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15213449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15213449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322217","display_name":"Department of Education, Heilongjiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04rn1rm44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325404","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327280","display_name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/031tatj48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066760256","https://openalex.org/W2119180969","https://openalex.org/W2562252544","https://openalex.org/W3109330106","https://openalex.org/W3168678830","https://openalex.org/W4224318196","https://openalex.org/W4296354483","https://openalex.org/W4306152117","https://openalex.org/W4312066090","https://openalex.org/W4389736487","https://openalex.org/W4392912678","https://openalex.org/W4399447478","https://openalex.org/W4403067342","https://openalex.org/W4408724312","https://openalex.org/W4416381214","https://openalex.org/W4416502582","https://openalex.org/W7152888446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3131516980","https://openalex.org/W2772508983","https://openalex.org/W4220673009","https://openalex.org/W4281652573","https://openalex.org/W2397700260","https://openalex.org/W3125561926","https://openalex.org/W7225286031","https://openalex.org/W2257330926","https://openalex.org/W3073754167","https://openalex.org/W3204653828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adzuki":[0],"bean":[1,41],"(Vigna":[2],"angularis)":[3],"is":[4,19,270],"an":[5,58,235],"important":[6],"pulse":[7],"crop,":[8],"and":[9,49,71,154,179,199],"rust":[10,186,220],"disease":[11],"severely":[12],"restricts":[13],"its":[14,109],"production.":[15],"Identifying":[16],"resistance":[17,136,221],"genes":[18],"essential":[20],"for":[21,175,259],"accelerating":[22],"the":[23,65,75,84,92,105,116,129,140,156,176,193,202,209,242,260],"development":[24],"of":[25,46,61,91,149,263],"rust-resistant":[26,264],"cultivars":[27],"through":[28],"marker-assisted":[29],"breeding.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"study,":[33],"genotyping-by-sequencing":[34],"(GBS)":[35],"was":[36,137,172],"performed":[37],"on":[38,100,196,212],"178":[39,76],"adzuki":[40],"accessions,":[42,251],"generating":[43],"124.87":[44],"Gb":[45],"sequencing":[47],"data":[48],"yielding":[50],"12,153":[51],"high-quality":[52],"single-nucleotide":[53],"polymorphism":[54],"(SNP)":[55],"markers":[56,255],"with":[57,83,146,185,218],"average":[59],"density":[60],"26.56":[62],"SNPs/Mb":[63],"across":[64],"genome.":[66],"Principal":[67],"component":[68],"analysis":[69,98,170],"(PCA)":[70],"K-means":[72],"clustering":[73],"divided":[74],"accessions":[77,130],"into":[78,118,131,224],"three":[79],"distinct":[80],"genetic":[81,94,120],"clusters,":[82],"first":[85],"five":[86,132,204],"principal":[87],"components":[88],"explaining":[89],"31.90%":[90],"total":[93],"variation.":[95],"Population":[96],"structure":[97],"based":[99],"these":[101,254],"SNPs":[102,182,189,205,216],"revealed":[103],"that":[104,241,253],"cross-entropy":[106],"criterion":[107],"reached":[108],"minimum":[110],"at":[111,139,155,163,192,208],"K":[112],"=":[113],"7,":[114],"partitioning":[115],"panel":[117],"seven":[119],"subpopulations":[121],"(C1\u2013C7).":[122],"A":[123],"neighbor-joining":[124],"phylogenetic":[125],"tree":[126],"further":[127,267],"resolved":[128],"major":[133],"groups.":[134],"Rust":[135],"assessed":[138],"seedling":[141,194],"stage":[142,158,195,211],"under":[143,159],"greenhouse":[144],"conditions":[145],"artificial":[147],"inoculation":[148],"Uromyces":[150],"vignae":[151],"isolate":[152],"ZXL01,":[153],"adult":[157,210],"natural":[160],"field":[161],"infection":[162],"a":[164],"single":[165],"experimental":[166],"site.":[167],"Genome-wide":[168],"association":[169],"(GWAS)":[171],"conducted":[173],"separately":[174],"two":[177],"assessments":[178],"identified":[180,191],"fifteen":[181],"significantly":[183],"associated":[184,217],"resistance.":[187],"Ten":[188],"were":[190,206,222,231,245],"chromosomes":[197],"1":[198],"3,":[200],"while":[201],"remaining":[203],"detected":[207,247],"chromosome":[213],"9.":[214],"The":[215,238],"adult-stage":[219],"converted":[223],"Kompetitive":[225],"Allele-Specific":[226],"PCR":[227],"(KASP)":[228],"markers,":[229],"which":[230],"subsequently":[232],"validated":[233],"in":[234,248],"independent":[236],"panel.":[237],"validation":[239,269],"confirmed":[240],"resistance-associated":[243],"alleles":[244],"predominantly":[246],"highly":[249],"resistant":[250],"suggesting":[252],"have":[256],"potential":[257],"utility":[258],"preliminary":[261],"screening":[262],"germplasm,":[265],"although":[266],"breeding":[268],"required.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}