{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225317239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989842","title":"Two Worlds, One Challenge: How AI Solves Unfamiliar Problems \u2014 Evidence from ARC-AGI-2 and ARC-AGI-3","display_name":"Two Worlds, One Challenge: How AI Solves Unfamiliar Problems \u2014 Evidence from ARC-AGI-2 and ARC-AGI-3","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225317239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23989842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989842","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084941200","display_name":"Tsitsino Dzotsenidze","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dzotsenidze, Tsitsino","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9432-1803","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084941200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.49779999256134033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.49779999256134033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.18080000579357147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.13840000331401825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qwen3","display_name":"Qwen3","score":0.5720000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7038000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.5853000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5702999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.412200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780154230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513420","display_name":"Undo","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982933515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104381823","display_name":"Public access","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174183944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334661","display_name":"MIT License","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23989842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23989843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23989842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23989842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7225105385","https://openalex.org/W7225157529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W44027369","https://openalex.org/W7203553971","https://openalex.org/W6998275036","https://openalex.org/W7225149778","https://openalex.org/W7160212907","https://openalex.org/W7221128628","https://openalex.org/W1486424962","https://openalex.org/W7223403107","https://openalex.org/W201324079","https://openalex.org/W2130412302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"What":[1],"evidence":[2,201],"connects":[3],"an":[4,36,159],"adaptation":[5],"procedure":[6],"to":[7,94,152,173,239,253],"better":[8],"problem":[9],"solving?":[10],"We":[11,100],"examine":[12],"two":[13],"bounded":[14],"studies":[15,113],"of":[16,31,161,218],"existing":[17],"ARC":[18],"solvers":[19],"rather":[20],"than":[21],"equate":[22],"intervention":[23,104],"execution":[24],"with":[25,84,90,165],"success.":[26],"In":[27,55],"a":[28,40,97,117,130,136,214],"Qwen3-based":[29],"port":[30],"NVARC":[32],"for":[33,121,140,185],"static":[34],"ARC-AGI-2,":[35],"updating":[37],"configuration":[38,42],"exceeded":[39],"zero-learning-rate":[41],"by":[43,68],"21.39":[44],"and":[45,52,65,108,124,246],"20.98":[46],"rounded":[47],"public-score":[48],"points":[49],"in":[50,96,248],"initial":[51],"repeated":[53],"evaluations.":[54],"interactive":[56],"ARC-AGI-3,":[57],"recovery":[58],"telemetry":[59],"establishes":[60],"that":[61,73],"context-rebuilding":[62],"interventions":[63],"executed":[64],"were":[66,183],"followed":[67],"environment":[69],"actions,":[70],"but":[71],"not":[72,115,129,211,252],"they":[74],"improved":[75],"outcomes.":[76],"A":[77],"retained":[78],"LP85":[79,195,199,250],"trace":[80],"reveals":[81],"962":[82],"actions":[83,93],"no":[85],"visible":[86],"board":[87],"change,":[88],"compared":[89],"18":[91],"state-changing":[92],"completion":[95],"different":[98],"configuration.":[99],"propose":[101],"reporting":[102],"configuration,":[103],"execution,":[105],"subsequent":[106],"behavior,":[107],"task":[109],"outcome":[110],"separately.":[111],"These":[112],"do":[114],"identify":[116],"universal":[118],"causal":[119],"mechanism":[120],"adaptation.":[122],"Version":[123],"provenance":[125],"Author":[126],"manuscript":[127,164],"v2.1a,":[128],"peer-reviewed":[131],"journal":[132],"publication.":[133],"This":[134,207],"is":[135,158,178,209,234],"new,":[137],"independent":[138],"record":[139],"the":[141,162,219,240,249],"combined":[142],"paper,":[143],"separate":[144],"from":[145,169],"both":[146],"technical":[147,189],"archives.":[148],"Manuscript":[149],"content":[150,177],"corresponds":[151],"GitHub":[153],"commit":[154,205],"177f555f0cb5284a0521c74b047a4f3435a5e0b4.":[155],"The":[156],"PDF":[157],"export":[160],"Word":[163],"its":[166],"header":[167],"corrected":[168],"WORKING":[170],"DRAFT":[171],"v2":[172],"MANUSCRIPT":[174],"v2.1a;":[175],"scientific":[176],"unchanged.":[179],"No":[180,230],"new":[181],"experiments":[182],"conducted":[184],"this":[186,254],"deposit.":[187],"Separate":[188],"archives":[190],"ARC-AGI-2:":[191],"10.5281/zenodo.23895859":[192],"ARC-AGI-3:":[193],"10.5281/zenodo.23869166":[194],"supporting":[196],"material":[197],"Public":[198],"selected-case":[200],"supplement":[202,208],"at":[203],"immutable":[204],"aab389457620273417a8345b161f1c9028ac55d1.":[206],"referenced,":[210],"included":[212],"as":[213],"newly":[215],"licensed":[216],"part":[217],"paper.":[220],"Rights":[221],"Copyright":[222],"\u00a9":[223],"2026":[224],"Tsitsino":[225],"Dzotsenidze.":[226],"All":[227],"rights":[228],"reserved.":[229],"additional":[231],"reuse":[232],"license":[233],"granted.":[235],"MIT-0":[236],"applies":[237],"only":[238],"separately":[241],"identified":[242],"author-owned":[243],"methodological":[244],"prose":[245],"pseudocode":[247],"supplement,":[251],"manuscript.":[255],"Referenced":[256],"third-party":[257],"works":[258],"retain":[259],"their":[260],"own":[261],"rights.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
