{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225317157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","title":"Real-world evidence for decisions in diabetes","display_name":"Real-world evidence for decisions in diabetes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225317157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104375418","display_name":"Diabetologia","issn_l":"0012-186X","issn":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028705245","display_name":"Shivani Misra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2886-0726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2886-0726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shivani Misra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK. s.misra@imperial.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2886-0726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK. s.misra@imperial.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018125032","display_name":"Monika Cigler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-7991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-7991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202276237","display_name":"Medical University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0bts35","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monika Cigler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-7991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120956740","display_name":"Omaima el Hakouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1616-6711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1616-6711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202276237","display_name":"Medical University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0bts35","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omaima El-Hakouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1616-6711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024366949","display_name":"Martina Vettoretti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-1818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-1818"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Vettoretti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-1818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013911767","display_name":"Enrico Longato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-645X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-645X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Longato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-645X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032331793","display_name":"Jonah J C Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9886-0169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9886-0169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonah Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9886-0169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087431344","display_name":"Christian Tobias Torp-Pedersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-6131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-6131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802567020","display_name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05bpbnx46","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255865","display_name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/03gqzdg87","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339947260","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4210145385","https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Torp-Pederson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark","Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-6131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4405255865"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017030033","display_name":"Jonathan Valabhji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-4061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-4061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Valabhji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-4061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064980874","display_name":"Amanda Adler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-3385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-3385","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-0025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129944","display_name":"Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism","ror":"https://ror.org/03myafa32","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210129944","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Adler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diabetes Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-3385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diabetes Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210129944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065175958","display_name":"Bastiaan E. de Galan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-7741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-7741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bastiaan de Galan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands","Department of Internal Medicine of Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands","Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-7741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine of Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044799417","display_name":"Pratik Choudhary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-4735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-4735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratik Choudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-4735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034891255","display_name":"Julia Katharina Mader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-4233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-4233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202276237","display_name":"Medical University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0bts35","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia K. Mader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-4233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028705245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"apc_paid":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.8467000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.8467000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.026100000366568565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-world-evidence","display_name":"real-world evidence","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-world-data","display_name":"real-world data","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-trial-emulation","display_name":"target trial emulation","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-studies","display_name":"observational studies","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/registry","display_name":"registry","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmeasured-confounding","display_name":"unmeasured confounding","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"data quality","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-technology-assessment","display_name":"health technology assessment","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-expectations","display_name":"regulatory expectations","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-effectiveness","display_name":"comparative effectiveness","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.7495999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6973000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.6220999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148482608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007018","display_name":"Clinical study design","level":3,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425137","display_name":"Fingolimod","level":3,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71008984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890076","display_name":"Rigour","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164614171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5204775","display_name":"DECIPHER","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141330323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2354820","display_name":"Evidence-based practice","level":3,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194541083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457174","display_name":"Workaround","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018095205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55641553","display_name":"Real world evidence","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202695956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2669680","display_name":"Debriefing","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162376815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2158281","display_name":"Frequentist inference","level":4,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104375418","display_name":"Diabetologia","issn_l":"0012-186X","issn":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42986405","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:3cd0d16d-6a50-4049-be05-3d39755a9a77","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3cd0d16d-6a50-4049-be05-3d39755a9a77/files/r1g05ff66g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OpenAlex","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-026-06896-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104375418","display_name":"Diabetologia","issn_l":"0012-186X","issn":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338453","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225317157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225317157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968893175","https://openalex.org/W1982820415","https://openalex.org/W1988536563","https://openalex.org/W1998418707","https://openalex.org/W2008949192","https://openalex.org/W2009187570","https://openalex.org/W2022450888","https://openalex.org/W2057658594","https://openalex.org/W2095512807","https://openalex.org/W2110102664","https://openalex.org/W2120729896","https://openalex.org/W2127125241","https://openalex.org/W2137370054","https://openalex.org/W2142495742","https://openalex.org/W2146264128","https://openalex.org/W2163278718","https://openalex.org/W2404984931","https://openalex.org/W2425644022","https://openalex.org/W2527393952","https://openalex.org/W2542690541","https://openalex.org/W2543818161","https://openalex.org/W2560688864","https://openalex.org/W2614137535","https://openalex.org/W2616141209","https://openalex.org/W2618596952","https://openalex.org/W2625031949","https://openalex.org/W2743088090","https://openalex.org/W2743267681","https://openalex.org/W2745199969","https://openalex.org/W2745708468","https://openalex.org/W2754973711","https://openalex.org/W2772246919","https://openalex.org/W2808467887","https://openalex.org/W2810227481","https://openalex.org/W2898518424","https://openalex.org/W2900742318","https://openalex.org/W2903720206","https://openalex.org/W2920957227","https://openalex.org/W3006607088","https://openalex.org/W3031994713","https://openalex.org/W3037189975","https://openalex.org/W3037508799","https://openalex.org/W3046159964","https://openalex.org/W3048301534","https://openalex.org/W3119523053","https://openalex.org/W3205211596","https://openalex.org/W4282966047","https://openalex.org/W4293802544","https://openalex.org/W4295084553","https://openalex.org/W4311204752","https://openalex.org/W4311935094","https://openalex.org/W4381327370","https://openalex.org/W4385217262","https://openalex.org/W4387639613","https://openalex.org/W4388888807","https://openalex.org/W4390587972","https://openalex.org/W4392971529","https://openalex.org/W4394917777","https://openalex.org/W4402903013","https://openalex.org/W4403254577","https://openalex.org/W4403703331","https://openalex.org/W4407873739","https://openalex.org/W4407931197","https://openalex.org/W4408740862","https://openalex.org/W4411507891","https://openalex.org/W4413943356","https://openalex.org/W4414766135","https://openalex.org/W4414902918","https://openalex.org/W4417523995","https://openalex.org/W7119507427","https://openalex.org/W7131821312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3015002858","https://openalex.org/W3134769649","https://openalex.org/W4381327370","https://openalex.org/W2932598518","https://openalex.org/W3014125475","https://openalex.org/W4318763410","https://openalex.org/W3014095563","https://openalex.org/W3014469613","https://openalex.org/W2922075579","https://openalex.org/W4404237872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Randomised":[0],"controlled":[1],"trials":[2],"underpin":[3],"the":[4,43,48,64,118,145,199],"evidence":[5,68,95,133],"base":[6],"for":[7,83,96,198],"diabetes":[8,97,208],"interventions":[9],"but":[10,167],"have":[11],"important":[12],"limitations,":[13],"including":[14,47,175],"being":[15],"conducted":[16],"in":[17,60,85,207],"selective":[18],"populations,":[19],"with":[20],"restricted":[21],"follow-up":[22],"times":[23],"and":[24,57,76,106,117,131,152,158,178,183,202,213,224],"treatment":[25,58],"pathways":[26],"that":[27,122],"differ":[28],"from":[29,115],"routine":[30,173],"clinical":[31],"practice.":[32],"Real-world":[33],"data":[34,74],"(RWD)":[35],"offer":[36],"an":[37],"opportunity":[38],"to":[39,73,134,209],"address":[40],"questions":[41],"beyond":[42],"scope":[44],"of":[45,51,54,66,111,172,191,204,216],"trials,":[46],"comparative":[49],"effectiveness":[50],"interventions,":[52],"assessment":[53,222],"longer-term":[55],"outcomes,":[56],"effects":[59],"under-represented":[61],"populations.":[62,136],"However,":[63,137],"credibility":[65,138],"real-world":[67],"(RWE)":[69],"varies":[70],"widely":[71],"due":[72],"quality":[75],"methodological":[77],"challenges.":[78],"The":[79],"REDDIE":[80,116],"(Real-world":[81],"Evidence":[82,114],"Decisions":[84],"Diabetes)":[86],"programme":[87],"examined":[88],"how":[89],"RWD":[90,217],"can":[91,126,163],"generate":[92],"robust,":[93],"decision-relevant":[94,214],"by":[98,218],"analysing":[99],"multiple":[100],"national":[101],"registries,":[102],"evaluating":[103],"regulatory":[104],"expectations":[105],"conducting":[107],"target":[108],"trial":[109,129,156],"emulations":[110],"landmark":[112],"studies.":[113],"wider":[119],"literature":[120],"demonstrates":[121],"well-designed":[123],"observational":[124],"analyses":[125],"replicate":[127],"major":[128],"findings":[130],"extend":[132],"broader":[135],"critically":[139],"depends":[140],"on":[141],"careful":[142],"alignment":[143],"between":[144],"research":[146],"question,":[147],"database":[148],"fitness,":[149],"study":[150],"design":[151],"analytical":[153],"methods.":[154],"Target":[155],"emulation":[157],"modern":[159],"causal":[160],"inference":[161],"approaches":[162],"mitigate":[164],"key":[165],"biases":[166],"cannot":[168],"overcome":[169],"fundamental":[170],"limitations":[171],"data,":[174],"unmeasured":[176],"confounding":[177],"incomplete":[179],"variable":[180],"capture.":[181],"RWE":[182,205],"RCTs":[184],"should":[185],"be":[186],"viewed":[187],"as":[188],"complementary":[189],"sources":[190],"evidence.":[192],"We":[193],"outline":[194],"a":[195],"practical":[196],"framework":[197],"design,":[200],"analysis":[201],"interpretation":[203],"studies":[206],"support":[210],"more":[211],"robust":[212],"use":[215],"regulators,":[219],"health":[220],"technology":[221],"agencies":[223],"clinicians.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}