{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225317128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","title":"The effect of the time of day of influenza vaccination on antibody and T-cell responses in older adults","display_name":"The effect of the time of day of influenza vaccination on antibody and T-cell responses in older adults","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225317128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-78492-4_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-78492-4_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104577715","display_name":"Tamara M. J. Brouwers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7376-665X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7376-665X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334415907","display_name":"University Medical Center Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara M. J. Brouwers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027536389","display_name":"Koen Vink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9926-338X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9926-338X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen Vink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007958687","display_name":"Martijn W. Vos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7175-625X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7175-625X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martijn Vos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085656595","display_name":"Harry van Dijken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0433-5199","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0433-5199"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry van Dijken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111399164","display_name":"Marijn E. Snik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marijn E. Snik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069838478","display_name":"Jan van de Kassteele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-6709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-6709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan van de Kassteele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022507313","display_name":"Lisa Beckers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-312X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-312X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Beckers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104217346","display_name":"Debbie Smit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debbie Smit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160797917","display_name":"Deborah Oomen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Oomen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021613232","display_name":"Teun Guichelaar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-8923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-8923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teun Guichelaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073737993","display_name":"Tobias Nicolaas Bonten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-6182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-6182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias N. Bonten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050576564","display_name":"Laura Kervezee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-9164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-9164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Kervezee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Circadian Medicine, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Circadian Medicine, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003461314","display_name":"Jacco Wallinga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1725-5627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1725-5627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacco Wallinga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022943210","display_name":"Debbie van Baarle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5463-818X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5463-818X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334415907","display_name":"University Medical Center Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104433","display_name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Debbie van Baarle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022943210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907","https://openalex.org/I4210104433"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85468075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-vaccination","display_name":"influenza vaccination","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-day","display_name":"time of day","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circadian-rhythm","display_name":"circadian rhythm","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronotype","display_name":"chronotype","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-induced-immune-response","display_name":"vaccine-induced immune response","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-response","display_name":"antibody response","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-response","display_name":"T cell response","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h1n1","display_name":"H1N1","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h3n2","display_name":"H3N2","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-victoria","display_name":"B/Victoria","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.9075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7592999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7354999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6140999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.6093999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22889606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Antibody titer","level":4,"score":0.5910999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383260","display_name":"Influenza vaccine","level":3,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Titer","level":3,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780441014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907952","display_name":"Vaccine efficacy","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19720800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7722","display_name":"Morning","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018913218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody response","level":3,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778190748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907956","display_name":"Vaccine trial","level":3,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909469553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383260","display_name":"Trivalent influenza vaccine","level":4,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121446783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208353","display_name":"Circadian rhythm","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-78492-4_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78492-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-78492-4_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321645","display_name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","ror":"https://ror.org/041evnj42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335216","display_name":"Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu","ror":"https://ror.org/01cesdt21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225317128.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225317128.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171522932","https://openalex.org/W4412791084","https://openalex.org/W4391846196","https://openalex.org/W2345018973","https://openalex.org/W4306382089","https://openalex.org/W2465828363","https://openalex.org/W4409206247","https://openalex.org/W4407278765","https://openalex.org/W7214732212","https://openalex.org/W2515924723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Increasing":[1],"evidence":[2,242],"suggests":[3],"that":[4,163],"time":[5,20,41,70,112,158],"of":[6,8,21,39,140,221,228],"day":[7,22,231],"vaccine":[9,83],"administration":[10],"affects":[11],"immune":[12,32,49,106,122,152,238],"responses.":[13,33,50,219,239],"We":[14],"aimed":[15],"to":[16,43,81,101,135,199,233],"determine":[17,102],"the":[18,37,109,137,155,202,226,235,259],"optimal":[19],"for":[23,217,243],"influenza":[24,65,141],"vaccination":[25,40,66,142,157,165,185],"by":[26],"characterising":[27],"temporal":[28],"patterns":[29],"in":[30,104,127,151,167,207,258],"vaccine-induced":[31,237],"Additionally,":[34],"we":[35],"assessed":[36],"effect":[38,246],"relative":[42],"an":[44,229],"individual\u2019s":[45,230],"circadian":[46],"phase":[47],"on":[48],"A":[51,96,160,212],"randomised":[52,69],"controlled":[53],"trial":[54],"was":[55,99,215,247],"conducted":[56],"with":[57,201],"278":[58],"participants":[59,208],"aged":[60],"60\u201385":[61],"years,":[62],"who":[63],"received":[64],"at":[67,210,225],"a":[68,118,128,193,244],"between":[71,108,154],"09:00":[72,198],"and":[73,78,87,92,252],"17:00.":[74],"Antigen-specific":[75],"antibody":[76,170,251],"titers":[77],"T-cell":[79,218,253],"responses":[80,107,123,153,171,191,206,254],"three":[82,110,156],"strains":[84,173],"(A/H1N1,":[85],"A/H3N2":[86],"B/Victoria)":[88],"were":[89,124,255],"measured":[90],"pre-":[91],"one":[93],"month":[94],"post-vaccination.":[95],"permutation-based":[97,145],"test":[98,146],"used":[100],"differences":[103,150],"strain-specific":[105,121],"randomisation":[111],"blocks":[113],"(09:00\u201311:40,":[114],"11:40\u201314:20,":[115],"14:20\u201317:00).":[116],"As":[117],"secondary":[119],"analysis,":[120],"jointly":[125],"analysed":[126],"single":[129],"generalised":[130],"additive":[131],"mixed-effects":[132],"model":[133,203],"(GAMM)":[134],"assess":[136],"overall":[138],"impact":[139],"timing.":[143],"The":[144],"found":[147],"no":[148],"significant":[149],"blocks.":[159],"GAMM":[161],"revealed":[162],"morning":[164,260],"resulted":[166],"significantly":[168],"higher":[169,250],"across":[172],"than":[174],"early":[175],"afternoon":[176,184],"vaccination(":[177],"p":[178,187],"=":[179,188],"0.045),":[180],"but":[181],"not":[182],"late":[183],"(":[186],"0.498).":[189],"Antibody":[190],"displayed":[192],"non-significant":[194],"non-linear":[195],"pattern":[196],"from":[197],"17:00,":[200],"suggesting":[204],"highest":[205],"vaccinated":[209],"09:00.":[211],"similar":[213],"trend":[214],"observed":[216,257],"Irrespective":[220],"chronotype,":[222],"vaccinations":[223],"administered":[224],"start":[227],"tended":[232],"elicit":[234],"strongest":[236],"Although":[240],"statistical":[241],"time-of-day":[245],"limited,":[248],"numerically":[249],"consistently":[256],"group.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
