{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225317069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","title":"Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo) Flour on Productive and Haematobiochemical Parameters of Japanese Quails Exposed to Cadmium","display_name":"Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo) Flour on Productive and Haematobiochemical Parameters of Japanese Quails Exposed to Cadmium","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225317069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306503303","display_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019970713","display_name":"Eunice Agwu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273817","display_name":"Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgtpv71","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273817"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. O. Agwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273817"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160745665","display_name":"A. H. Abu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44738892","display_name":"Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi","ror":"https://ror.org/05hgtp764","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. H. Abu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040904007","display_name":"Christian Okechukwu Ezihe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44738892","display_name":"Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi","ror":"https://ror.org/05hgtp764","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. O. Ezihe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058618500","display_name":"Victor Masekaven Ahur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44738892","display_name":"Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi","ror":"https://ror.org/05hgtp764","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. M. Ahur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44738892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"704","last_page":"712"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.6685000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.6685000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.2159000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12944","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Health","score":0.05790000036358833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium-toxicity","display_name":"cadmium toxicity","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-quail","display_name":"Japanese quail","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c","display_name":"vitamin C","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pumpkin-seed-flour","display_name":"pumpkin seed flour","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplementation","display_name":"dietary supplementation","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematological-parameters","display_name":"hematological parameters","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-chemistry","display_name":"serum biochemistry","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-blood-cell-indices","display_name":"red blood cell indices","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell-count","display_name":"white blood cell count","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-stress","display_name":"heavy metal stress","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-supplementation","display_name":"antioxidant supplementation","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cucurbita-pepo","display_name":"Cucurbita pepo","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium-chloride","display_name":"cadmium chloride","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poultry-nutrition","display_name":"poultry nutrition","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-response","display_name":"immune response","score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.8192999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986274086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Ascorbic acid","level":2,"score":0.7935000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.6050999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46254838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156536","display_name":"Completely randomized design","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306503303","display_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2026/v9i4454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306503303","display_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3007138055","https://openalex.org/W3155030196","https://openalex.org/W4390747451","https://openalex.org/W2280003037","https://openalex.org/W1538862937","https://openalex.org/W1698449099","https://openalex.org/W1542775302","https://openalex.org/W4403651980","https://openalex.org/W1692823573","https://openalex.org/W2074627855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dietary":[0,321],"cadmium":[1,79,93,111,132,156,289,430],"exposure":[2,157,290],"may":[3,423],"adversely":[4],"affect":[5,354],"growth":[6,28],"and":[7,22,30,122,158,167,193,271,279,297,304,313,337,366,376,394,403,420,433],"blood":[8,182],"biochemical":[9],"characteristics":[10],"of":[11,19,52,177,245,256,264,400,429],"Japanese":[12,35,437],"quails.":[13],"This":[14],"study":[15],"assessed":[16],"the":[17,64,73,87,105,126,168,175,178,235,241,248,261,300,341,348,382,387,426],"effects":[18,428],"ascorbic":[20,99,138,324,414],"acid":[21,325],"fluted":[23,117,144,416],"pumpkin":[24,118,145,327,417],"seed":[25,119,146,328,418],"flour":[26,329],"on":[27,431],"performance":[29],"haematobiochemical":[31,185,434],"parameters":[32,435],"in":[33,302,311,318,334,381,386,436],"growing":[34],"quails":[36,41,45,438],"exposed":[37,439],"to":[38,440],"cadmium.":[39,441],"Seventy-five-day-old":[40],"were":[42,46,306,315,379],"used.":[43],"The":[44,220,266],"divided":[47],"into":[48],"five":[49],"equal":[50],"groups":[51,268,277,391],"fifteen":[53],"chicks":[54],"each":[55],"using":[56],"a":[57],"completely":[58],"randomised":[59],"design.":[60],"Group":[61,258,287,408],"A":[62],"received":[63,72,86,104,125],"basal":[65,74,88,106,127],"diet":[66,75,81,89,95,107,113,128,134,140],"only":[67],"(negative":[68],"control);":[69,83],"group":[70,84,102,123,251,319,384],"B":[71],"+":[76,90,96,108,114,129,135,141],"10":[77,91,109,130],"mg":[78,92,98,110,131,137],"chloride/kg":[80,94,112,133],"(positive":[82],"C":[85,259,278],"250":[97,136],"acid/kg":[100,139],"diet;":[101,121],"D":[103,280,393],"200":[115],"g":[116,143],"flour/kg":[120,147],"E":[124],"100":[142],"diet.":[148],"Each":[149],"bird's":[150],"live":[151],"weight":[152,191,205],"was":[153,164,172,213,291,330],"recorded":[154,165,317],"before":[155],"at":[159],"weekly":[160],"intervals.":[161],"Feed":[162],"intake":[163,195],"daily,":[166],"feed":[169,194,221,349],"conversion":[170,222],"ratio":[171,223],"calculated.":[173],"At":[174],"end":[176],"experiment,":[179],"we":[180],"collected":[181],"samples":[183],"for":[184],"analysis.":[186],"Results":[187],"showed":[188,273,397],"that":[189],"final":[190],"(g)":[192,207],"differed":[196,208],"significantly":[197,215,227,353,369],"(p":[198,217,228,370],"<":[199,371],"0.05)":[200,230],"among":[201,210,231],"treatment":[202],"groups.":[203],"Although":[204],"gain":[206],"numerically":[209],"treatments,":[211,232],"it":[212],"not":[214,225,307,352],"different":[216],">":[218,229],"0.05).":[219],"did":[224,351],"differ":[226],"but":[233],"numerically,":[234],"negative":[236,388],"control":[237,250],"(group":[238],"A)":[239],"had":[240,253,260],"best":[242],"(lowest)":[243],"FCR":[244,255,263],"2.92,":[246],"while":[247,373],"positive":[249],"(B)":[252],"an":[254],"3.05;":[257],"highest":[262],"3.35.":[265],"supplemented":[267],"(C,":[269,392],"D,":[270],"E)":[272,395],"varying":[274],"improvements,":[275],"with":[276,286,293,323,332,413],"performing":[281],"better":[282],"than":[283,385,407],"B.":[284,320,409],"Compared":[285],"A,":[288],"associated":[292,331],"lower":[294,380,398,404],"PCV,":[295],"Hb":[296],"RBC":[298],"values;":[299],"differences":[301,343],"MCHC":[303],"heterophils":[305],"statistically":[308],"significant.":[309],"Increases":[310],"WBC":[312],"lymphocytes":[314],"also":[316],"supplementation":[322,412],"and/or":[326],"improvements":[333],"several":[335],"erythrocyte":[336],"leucocyte":[338],"measures,":[339],"although":[340],"between-group":[342],"varied":[344],"by":[345],"parameter.":[346],"Meanwhile,":[347],"supplement":[350],"MCV,":[355],"monocytes,":[356],"eosinophils,":[357],"or":[358],"basophils.":[359],"In":[360],"contrast,":[361],"AST,":[362],"ALT,":[363],"ALP,":[364],"urea,":[365],"creatinine":[367,405],"increased":[368],"0.05),":[372],"total":[374],"protein":[375],"albumin":[377],"concentrations":[378,406],"cadmium-exposed":[383],"control.":[389],"Supplemented":[390],"generally":[396],"activities":[399],"liver-associated":[401],"enzymes":[402],"Overall,":[410],"dietary":[411],"acid,":[415],"flour,":[419],"their":[421],"combination":[422],"help":[424],"mitigate":[425],"adverse":[427],"productive":[432]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}