{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225316853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","title":"Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and its Contributing Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes","display_name":"Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and its Contributing Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225316853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220150","display_name":"Archives of Current Research International","issn_l":"2454-7077","issn":["2454-7077"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Current Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160926536","display_name":"Anusha Galimudi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092736","display_name":"Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e0bf989","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anusha Galimudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, PJTAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, PJTAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160744619","display_name":"Bhadru Dharavath","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092736","display_name":"Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e0bf989","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhadru Dharavath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plant Breeding, Maize Research Center, PJTAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plant Breeding, Maize Research Center, PJTAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139969160","display_name":"Vanisri Satturu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanisri Satturu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, PJTAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, PJTAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160795382","display_name":"Usha Rani Gullipalli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092736","display_name":"Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e0bf989","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usha Rani Gullipalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Station, PJTAU, Karimnagar, Telangana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Station, PJTAU, Karimnagar, Telangana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120184205","display_name":"Mallaiah Bedika","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092736","display_name":"Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e0bf989","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mallaiah Bedika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Institute, PJTAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Institute, PJTAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071577647","display_name":"Sridhar Vindla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092736","display_name":"Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e0bf989","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sridhar Vindla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Station, PJTAU, Kampasagar, Telangana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Station, PJTAU, Kampasagar, Telangana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"182","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.6406000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.6406000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.3303000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13008","display_name":"Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-components","display_name":"yield components","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ear-length","display_name":"ear length","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/100-seed-weight","display_name":"100-seed weight","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ear-girth","display_name":"ear girth","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/days-to-silking","display_name":"days to silking","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/days-to-maturity","display_name":"days to maturity","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype-phenotype-correlation","display_name":"genotype-phenotype correlation","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-coefficient-analysis","display_name":"path coefficient analysis","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-hybrids","display_name":"maize hybrids","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-lines","display_name":"parental lines","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-environment-interaction","display_name":"gene-environment interaction","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65721934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144645","display_name":"Path coefficient","level":3,"score":0.8202000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48189365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42621","display_name":"Hybrid","level":2,"score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5485000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993531722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11575","display_name":"Zea mays","level":2,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82793941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046024","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76725341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1893126","display_name":"Inbred strain","level":3,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161890455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503548","display_name":"Heritability","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89838059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623738","display_name":"Coefficient of variation","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172777353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374271","display_name":"Genetic variability","level":4,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101601086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753228","display_name":"Rank correlation","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186413461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744727","display_name":"Genetic association","level":5,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101433766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3543263","display_name":"Maturity (psychological)","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780920634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705818","display_name":"Test weight","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46757340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43238","display_name":"Poaceae","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104201883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681342","display_name":"Additive genetic effects","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220150","display_name":"Archives of Current Research International","issn_l":"2454-7077","issn":["2454-7077"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Current Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2026/v26i112269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220150","display_name":"Archives of Current Research International","issn_l":"2454-7077","issn":["2454-7077"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Current Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391931805","https://openalex.org/W4414473683","https://openalex.org/W3098857041","https://openalex.org/W1243310303","https://openalex.org/W4297872412","https://openalex.org/W4309152374","https://openalex.org/W7128728206","https://openalex.org/W2278971527","https://openalex.org/W3081993482","https://openalex.org/W7214601911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim:":[0],"The":[1,94,240,301],"present":[2],"study":[3],"was":[4],"undertaken":[5],"to":[6,26,161,165,170],"assess":[7],"the":[8,13,28,85,101,113,205,266,311],"magnitude":[9],"and":[10,18,25,36,50,116,125,130,135,140,145,147,155,168,183,186,190,217,230,232,236,258,282],"nature":[11],"of":[12,43,96,149,200,224,244,246,270,272,277,303,313],"associations":[14,87,174,243],"between":[15],"grain":[16,32,108,176,211,262,297],"yield":[17,33,109,177,212,298],"its":[19],"contributing":[20],"traits":[21,30,288,305],"in":[22,299],"maize":[23,45,317],"genotypes":[24],"identify":[27],"key":[29],"influencing":[31],"through":[34],"correlation":[35,73,106],"path":[37],"coefficient":[38,195],"analysis.":[39],"Methodology:":[40],"A":[41],"total":[42],"48":[44],"genotypes,":[46],"comprising":[47],"36":[48],"hybrids":[49],"12":[51],"parental":[52],"lines,":[53],"were":[54,65,75,88],"evaluated":[55],"using":[56],"a":[57],"randomised":[58],"block":[59],"design":[60],"with":[61,107,175,261,265],"three":[62],"replications.":[63],"Data":[64],"recorded":[66],"for":[67,295],"11":[68],"quantitative":[69],"traits.":[70],"Results:":[71],"Genotypic":[72],"coefficients":[74],"generally":[76],"higher":[77],"than":[78],"their":[79],"corresponding":[80],"phenotypic":[81,117,187,218],"coefficients,":[82],"indicating":[83],"that":[84,198,286],"observed":[86],"partly":[89],"influenced":[90],"by":[91,121,222],"environmental":[92],"effects.":[93],"number":[95,148,199,223,245,271,276],"kernels":[97,201,247,273],"per":[98,152,202,227,248,274,280],"row":[99,203],"exhibited":[100,172,204],"strongest":[102],"statistically":[103],"significant":[104],"positive":[105,207,242],"(kg/ha)":[110],"at":[111,178,213],"both":[112,179,214],"genotypic":[114,180,215],"(0.8057)":[115],"(0.8734)":[118],"levels,":[119],"followed":[120,221],"ear":[122,127,142,153,228,250,254,256],"length":[123],"(0.8626":[124],"0.7670),":[126],"height":[128,133],"(0.7627":[129],"0.6862),":[131],"plant":[132,252],"(0.7624":[134],"0.6744),":[136],"100-seed":[137,233,259,283],"weight":[138,234,260],"(0.6893":[139],"0.5981),":[141],"girth":[143],"(0.6891":[144],"0.5976),":[146],"kernel":[150,225,278],"rows":[151,226,279],"(0.4414":[154],"0.3142),":[156],"respectively.":[157,238],"In":[158],"contrast,":[159],"days":[160,164,169],"50%":[162,166],"tasselling,":[163],"silking,":[167],"maturity":[171],"negative":[173],"(\u22120.5893,":[181],"\u22120.5871,":[182],"\u22120.6148,":[184],"respectively)":[185,192],"(\u22120.7889,":[188],"\u22120.7949,":[189],"\u22120.8018,":[191],"levels.":[193],"Path":[194],"analysis":[196],"revealed":[197],"highest":[206],"direct":[208,268],"effect":[209],"on":[210],"(0.9399)":[216],"(0.3928)":[219],"levels":[220],"(0.4552":[229],"0.1767)":[231],"(0.3922":[235],"0.1820),":[237],"Conclusion:":[239],"strong":[241],"row,":[249,275],"length,":[251],"height,":[253,255],"girth,":[257],"yield,":[263],"together":[264],"favourable":[267],"effects":[269],"ear,":[281],"weight,":[284],"suggest":[285],"these":[287,304],"could":[289,309],"serve":[290],"as":[291],"useful":[292],"selection":[293,307],"criteria":[294],"improving":[296],"maize.":[300],"integration":[302],"into":[306],"programmes":[308],"improve":[310],"effectiveness":[312],"identifying":[314],"superior,":[315],"high-yielding":[316],"genotypes.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
