{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225316569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","title":"Hybrid PSO\u2013GWO feature selection for IoT DDoS detection with IDS/IPS-oriented deployment","display_name":"Hybrid PSO\u2013GWO feature selection for IoT DDoS detection with IDS/IPS-oriented deployment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225316569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230675","display_name":"Discover Internet of Things","issn_l":"2730-7239","issn":["2730-7239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117523318","display_name":"Abdallah S. Hyassat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7270-2629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7270-2629"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah S. Hyassat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Research and Development, AI-Makers Company, Amman, Jordan","Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7270-2629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Research and Development, AI-Makers Company, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059723303","display_name":"Mosleh M. Abualhaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-8038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-8038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mosleh M. Abualhaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Networks and Cybersecurity, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Networks and Cybersecurity, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026104438","display_name":"Motasem M. Elshourbagy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG","JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Motasem M. Elshourbagy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Networks and Cybersecurity, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan","Department of Physics and Engineering Mathematics, Mattaria Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Networks and Cybersecurity, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Engineering Mathematics, Mattaria Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088076590","display_name":"Qusai Yousef Shambour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-845X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-845X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91633459","display_name":"Middle East University","ror":"https://ror.org/059bgad73","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91633459"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qusai Y. Shambour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91633459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026428185","display_name":"Mohammad Sh. Daoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2682-9231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2682-9231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sh. Daoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035880316","display_name":"Mohammad Abdallah Alsharaiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-6705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-6705","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1214-3381","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1372-8009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad A. Alsharaiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, King Abdullah II School of Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, King Abdullah II School of Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146686585","display_name":"Mohamed Yousif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0996-621X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0996-621X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8408910","display_name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bqvf857","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Yousif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015229013","display_name":"Mohammed Anbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7026-6408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7026-6408","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9234-9650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Anbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybersecurity Research Center (CYRES), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybersecurity Research Center (CYRES), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026428185","https://openalex.org/A5117523318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359","https://openalex.org/I114972647","https://openalex.org/I161913731"],"apc_list":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"apc_paid":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"feature selection","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"particle swarm optimization","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-wolf-optimizer","display_name":"grey wolf optimizer","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-systems","display_name":"intrusion detection systems","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-prevention-systems","display_name":"intrusion prevention systems","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.9179999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.692799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6506999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18648836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381892","display_name":"Compact space","level":2,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100808899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192100","display_name":"Set cover problem","level":3,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230675","display_name":"Discover Internet of Things","issn_l":"2730-7239","issn":["2730-7239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d116ef2af1bd444d80b5b44e4f1cd273","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d116ef2af1bd444d80b5b44e4f1cd273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43926-026-00544-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230675","display_name":"Discover Internet of Things","issn_l":"2730-7239","issn":["2730-7239"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","oarl"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Internet of Things","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225316569.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225316569.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167101736","https://openalex.org/W4283593236","https://openalex.org/W4308119167","https://openalex.org/W4384695285","https://openalex.org/W4390120226","https://openalex.org/W4391545757","https://openalex.org/W4399300323","https://openalex.org/W4405778752","https://openalex.org/W4406155699","https://openalex.org/W4406610530","https://openalex.org/W4408915487","https://openalex.org/W4409473938","https://openalex.org/W4410309579","https://openalex.org/W4410358576","https://openalex.org/W4410949777","https://openalex.org/W4410949815","https://openalex.org/W4411877580","https://openalex.org/W4412713393","https://openalex.org/W4412880009","https://openalex.org/W4412880281","https://openalex.org/W4414432058","https://openalex.org/W4414458977","https://openalex.org/W4414648050","https://openalex.org/W4414908493","https://openalex.org/W4415129759","https://openalex.org/W4415624722","https://openalex.org/W4415907764","https://openalex.org/W4416148818","https://openalex.org/W4416276475","https://openalex.org/W4416462335","https://openalex.org/W4416764319","https://openalex.org/W4416798119","https://openalex.org/W4416798128","https://openalex.org/W4417198689","https://openalex.org/W7104670293","https://openalex.org/W7114784748","https://openalex.org/W7117149493","https://openalex.org/W7119806124","https://openalex.org/W7125196921","https://openalex.org/W7125787555","https://openalex.org/W7128312280","https://openalex.org/W7128473432","https://openalex.org/W7128504286","https://openalex.org/W7129064558","https://openalex.org/W7130435732","https://openalex.org/W7133132445","https://openalex.org/W7134287266","https://openalex.org/W7135062583","https://openalex.org/W7136182537","https://openalex.org/W7140189414","https://openalex.org/W7141540400","https://openalex.org/W7141769242","https://openalex.org/W7152629123","https://openalex.org/W7154990742","https://openalex.org/W7155048396","https://openalex.org/W7155159802","https://openalex.org/W7157559557","https://openalex.org/W7160422513","https://openalex.org/W7160914892","https://openalex.org/W7168046798","https://openalex.org/W7168296444","https://openalex.org/W7169809429","https://openalex.org/W7171532970","https://openalex.org/W7214942706","https://openalex.org/W7221311377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211872181","https://openalex.org/W3002711162","https://openalex.org/W4312393832","https://openalex.org/W7134885798","https://openalex.org/W4415242365","https://openalex.org/W4391094426","https://openalex.org/W7126169468","https://openalex.org/W4403006774","https://openalex.org/W4414458728","https://openalex.org/W3179438752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,102],"rapid":[2],"growth":[3],"of":[4,32,129],"IoT":[5,57],"networks":[6],"has":[7],"increased":[8],"their":[9,74],"exposure":[10],"to":[11,141],"Distributed":[12],"Denial-of-Service":[13],"(DDoS)":[14],"attacks,":[15],"particularly":[16],"HTTP":[17,55],"flood":[18],"attacks":[19],"that":[20,157],"can":[21],"disrupt":[22],"service":[23],"availability":[24],"in":[25],"resource-constrained":[26],"environments.":[27],"To":[28],"address":[29],"the":[30,38,111,126,130,136,146,151,189],"challenges":[31],"high-dimensional":[33],"flow-based":[34],"traffic":[35],"data":[36],"and":[37,42,65,73,84,99,166,194,196,210],"need":[39],"for":[40,54,118],"accurate":[41],"efficient":[43],"detection,":[44],"this":[45,142],"study":[46],"proposes":[47],"a":[48,115,177,198],"hybrid":[49],"PSO\u2013GWO":[50],"feature":[51,94,108,180,192],"selection":[52],"framework":[53],"flood-based":[56],"DDoS":[58],"attack":[59,143],"detection.":[60],"Particle":[61],"Swarm":[62],"Optimization":[63],"(PSO)":[64],"Grey":[66],"Wolf":[67],"Optimizer":[68],"(GWO)":[69],"are":[70,77,89,122,139],"applied":[71],"independently,":[72],"selected":[75],"subsets":[76,205,212],"combined":[78,91],"after":[79],"optimization":[80],"using":[81,92],"post-selection":[82],"union":[83,97,103],"intersection":[85,100,112],"strategies.":[86],"Their":[87],"outputs":[88],"then":[90],"two":[93],"construction":[95],"strategies:":[96],"(PSO\u222aGWO)":[98],"(PSO\u2229GWO).":[101],"strategy":[104,113],"preserves":[105],"broader":[106],"complementary":[107],"information,":[109],"while":[110,169],"produces":[114],"compact":[116,179,211],"subset":[117,128],"lightweight":[119],"screening.":[120,216],"Experiments":[121],"conducted":[123],"specifically":[124],"on":[125],"IoT-DDoS-HTTP_Flood":[127],"CIC":[131],"IoT-DIAD":[132],"2024":[133],"dataset;":[134],"therefore,":[135],"reported":[137],"findings":[138,187],"limited":[140],"scenario.":[144],"Among":[145],"evaluated":[147],"classifiers,":[148],"XGBoost":[149,160],"achieved":[150],"highest":[152],"mean":[153],"performance.":[154],"Results":[155],"show":[156],"PSO\u222aGWO":[158],"with":[159,182],"reaches":[161],"99.38%":[162],"Accuracy,":[163],"99.31%":[164],"Recall,":[165],"99.40%":[167],"F1-score":[168],"maintaining":[170],"high":[171],"Precision.":[172],"In":[173],"contrast,":[174],"PSO\u2229GWO":[175],"provides":[176],"more":[178],"representation":[181],"lower":[183],"computational":[184],"cost.":[185],"These":[186],"highlight":[188],"trade-off":[190],"between":[191],"diversity":[193],"compactness":[195],"support":[197,206,213],"conceptual":[199],"IDS/IPS-oriented":[200],"deployment":[201],"strategy,":[202],"where":[203],"richer":[204],"IDS-oriented":[207],"deeper":[208],"analysis":[209],"IPS-oriented":[214],"low-latency":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}