{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225314333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64211/oidaijsd191014","title":"An assessment of the policing of intentional microaggressions in the Gauteng Province, South Africa","display_name":"An assessment of the policing of intentional microaggressions in the Gauteng Province, South Africa","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225314333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64211/oidaijsd191014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64211/oidaijsd191014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64211/oidaijsd191014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64211/oidaijsd191014","pdf_url":"https://oidaijsd.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/11/19-10-14-280-IJSD-26-R1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407055969","display_name":"OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development","issn_l":"1923-6654","issn":["1923-6654","1923-6662"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://oidaijsd.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/11/19-10-14-280-IJSD-26-R1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065877620","display_name":"Nomsa Ingrid Zikalala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2907-5167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2907-5167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nomsa Ingrid Zikalala","raw_affiliation_strings":["City of Tshwane , Pretoria , South Africa","Department of Police Practice , University of South Africa , Preller Street , Muckleneuck Ridge ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City of Tshwane , Pretoria , South Africa","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Police Practice , University of South Africa , Preller Street , Muckleneuck Ridge ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065877620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"10","first_page":"213","last_page":"213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12775","display_name":"Legal Issues in South Africa","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microassaults","display_name":"microassaults","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-discrimination","display_name":"gender discrimination","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intimidation","display_name":"intimidation","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-officers-perceptions","display_name":"police officers' perceptions","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-law","display_name":"criminal law","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-language","display_name":"body language","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"sign language","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-safety","display_name":"women's safety","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gauteng","display_name":"Gauteng","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778745096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274782","display_name":"Dignity","level":2,"score":0.597599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106399304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868123","display_name":"Snowball sampling","level":2,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993271050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender discrimination","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776515129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218","display_name":"Redress","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24845683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178651","display_name":"Interview","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530175646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11460","display_name":"Clothing","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780641677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815726","display_name":"Solidarity","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64211/oidaijsd191014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64211/oidaijsd191014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64211/oidaijsd191014","pdf_url":"https://oidaijsd.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/11/19-10-14-280-IJSD-26-R1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407055969","display_name":"OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development","issn_l":"1923-6654","issn":["1923-6654","1923-6662"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64211/oidaijsd191014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64211/oidaijsd191014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64211/oidaijsd191014","pdf_url":"https://oidaijsd.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/11/19-10-14-280-IJSD-26-R1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407055969","display_name":"OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development","issn_l":"1923-6654","issn":["1923-6654","1923-6662"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.75},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7354999780654907}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225314333.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225314333.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089318762","https://openalex.org/W2126204416","https://openalex.org/W2561586592","https://openalex.org/W2571597427","https://openalex.org/W2579515239","https://openalex.org/W2751701851","https://openalex.org/W2772500824","https://openalex.org/W2774804144","https://openalex.org/W2777838098","https://openalex.org/W2808827828","https://openalex.org/W2897438675","https://openalex.org/W2908991023","https://openalex.org/W2918559384","https://openalex.org/W2922371957","https://openalex.org/W2948961911","https://openalex.org/W2996293120","https://openalex.org/W3004259256","https://openalex.org/W3014745178","https://openalex.org/W3092202887","https://openalex.org/W3169525527","https://openalex.org/W3172069524","https://openalex.org/W4200325037","https://openalex.org/W4285726792","https://openalex.org/W4311799407","https://openalex.org/W4323856794","https://openalex.org/W4367048987","https://openalex.org/W4401931065","https://openalex.org/W4405245391","https://openalex.org/W4412400656","https://openalex.org/W4412636853","https://openalex.org/W7117850202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7225034803","https://openalex.org/W7143269081","https://openalex.org/W7220616482","https://openalex.org/W7126016353","https://openalex.org/W7165546615","https://openalex.org/W7172529384","https://openalex.org/W7084057320","https://openalex.org/W7150073770","https://openalex.org/W4297154322","https://openalex.org/W4408762294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"assessment":[1],"of":[2,5,18,22,30,44,80,93,97,107,119,125,161,208,246,294],"the":[3,9,91,108,158,175,185,206,211,271,292,311],"policing":[4,207,234,273],"intentional":[6,136,247,283],"microaggressions":[7,101,115,126,137,209],"in":[8,60,84,102,111,122,166,168,184,210,298],"Gauteng":[10,186],"Province,":[11],"South":[12,23,33,65,85,169],"Africa":[13],"Nomsa":[14],"Ingrid":[15],"Zikalala":[16],"Department":[17],"Police":[19],"Practice,":[20],"University":[21],"Africa,":[24],"Preller":[25],"Street,":[26],"Muckleneuck":[27],"Ridge,":[28],"City":[29],"Tshwane,":[31],"Pretoria,":[32],"Africa.":[34,86,170],"Corresponding":[35],"author:":[36],"zikalni@unisa.ac.za":[37],"\u00a9":[38],"Author":[39],"(s)":[40],"OIDA":[41],"International":[42,48],"Journal":[43],"Sustainable":[45],"Development,":[46],"Ontario":[47],"Development":[49],"Agency,":[50],"Canada.":[51],"ISSN":[52,55],"1923-6654":[53],"(print)":[54],"1923-6662":[56],"(online)":[57],"www.oidaijsd.com":[58],"Deposited":[59],"SSRN":[61],"repository:":[62],"https://www.ssrn.com/ssrn/":[63],"Abstracts:":[64],"African":[66],"statutes":[67],"prohibit":[68],"and":[69,78,104,116,141,148,188,236,257,260],"criminalize":[70],"unfair":[71],"discrimination":[72],"however,":[73],"intimidation,":[74,231,319],"hate":[75],"speech,":[76],"harassment,":[77],"defamation":[79],"character":[81],"are":[82,127],"prevalent":[83],"Law":[87],"enforcement":[88],"must":[89],"understand":[90],"dynamics":[92],"microaggressions,":[94,320],"stay":[95],"vigilant":[96],"women\u2019s":[98,146,250],"responses":[99],"to":[100,113,204,264,275,281,290,310],"public,":[103],"have":[105,149],"knowledge":[106],"applicable":[109],"legislations,":[110],"order":[112],"deter":[114,282],"other":[117,302],"forms":[118],"discrimination.":[120],"One":[121],"three":[123],"types":[124],"detectible,":[128],"which":[129,144],"is":[130],"problematic":[131],"for":[132],"policing.":[133],"Microassaults":[134],"entail":[135],"such":[138],"as":[139,255],"racial":[140],"gender":[142],"slurs,":[143],"threaten":[145],"dignity":[147],"negative":[150],"psychological":[151],"consequences.":[152],"The":[153,201,213,224,285,305],"study":[154,286],"was":[155,192,203,216],"motivated":[156],"by":[157,296],"pervasive":[159],"threats":[160],"subtle":[162],"violence":[163,300],"against":[164],"women":[165,297],"public":[167],"Twenty":[171],"police":[172,182,265],"officials":[173],"from":[174,180],"Vispol":[176],"sector":[177],"were":[178,279,307],"recruited":[179],"six":[181],"stations":[183],"province,":[187],"purposive":[189],"sampling":[190],"technique":[191],"used.":[193],"Participants":[194],"provided":[195],"written":[196],"consent":[197],"during":[198],"face-to-face":[199],"interviews.":[200],"objective":[202],"assess":[205],"province.":[212],"research":[214],"method":[215],"qualitative":[217],"research,":[218],"with":[219],"an":[220],"interpretive":[221],"phenomenological":[222],"design.":[223],"five":[225],"dominant":[226],"themes":[227],"were,":[228],"body":[229,251],"Language,":[230],"gender-based":[232,258],"discrimination,":[233,259,318],"styles,":[235],"criminal":[237,262],"laws.":[238],"Results":[239],"showed":[240],"that":[241],"most":[242,268],"participants":[243,269],"identified":[244],"incidences":[245],"microaggression":[248],"through":[249],"language,":[252],"perceived":[253],"it":[254],"intimidation":[256],"used":[261,270],"laws":[263],"it.":[266],"Furthermore,":[267],"service":[272],"style":[274],"intervene.":[276],"Punitive":[277],"measures":[278],"recommended":[280,287],"microaggressions.":[284],"educational":[288],"programmes":[289],"promote":[291],"use":[293],"Sign-language":[295],"domestic":[299],"or":[301],"dangerous":[303],"situations.":[304],"findings":[306],"ungeneralizable":[308],"due":[309],"small":[312],"sample":[313],"size.":[314],"Keywords:":[315],"Communication,":[316],"crime,":[317],"safety.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
