{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225314306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112110","title":"The Future of Moral Education? Using Virtual Reality Experiences","display_name":"The Future of Moral Education? Using Virtual Reality Experiences","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225314306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs16112110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112110","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027498287","display_name":"Sylvia Terbeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-7527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-7527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia Terbeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-7527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160949901","display_name":"Lucy Usher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Usher","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103863387","display_name":"Patrick Ainsworth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Ainsworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077275391","display_name":"Marek Palace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-2118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-2118","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-2386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Palace","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-2118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059474527","display_name":"Michael Jonathan Reiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-4229","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-4229"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Reiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curriculum, Pedagogy and Assessment, Institute of Education, University College London, London WC1H 0AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-4229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curriculum, Pedagogy and Assessment, Institute of Education, University College London, London WC1H 0AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027498287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"2110","last_page":"2110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12531","display_name":"Values and Moral Education","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12531","display_name":"Values and Moral Education","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.024000000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-education","display_name":"moral education","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"virtual reality","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersive-learning","display_name":"immersive learning","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-development","display_name":"moral development","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-reflection","display_name":"ethical reflection","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/values-education","display_name":"values education","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-implementation","display_name":"classroom implementation","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-technology-in-education","display_name":"digital technology in education","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-decision-making","display_name":"ethical decision-making","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57996006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909105","display_name":"Moral disengagement","level":2,"score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26918590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7550991","display_name":"Social cognitive theory of morality","level":3,"score":0.5467000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200113983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Morality","level":2,"score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76247681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909101","display_name":"Moral development","level":2,"score":0.4814000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9158031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909140","display_name":"Moral reasoning","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781439373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883221","display_name":"Moral agency","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019565508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444835","display_name":"Virtual world","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62162060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551208","display_name":"Social intuitionism","level":4,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194928635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909090","display_name":"Moral authority","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991943351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062949","display_name":"Moral education","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs16112110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs16112110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16112110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W219560385","https://openalex.org/W1526214392","https://openalex.org/W1574175751","https://openalex.org/W1969640345","https://openalex.org/W1970984519","https://openalex.org/W1973787747","https://openalex.org/W2017149407","https://openalex.org/W2020398501","https://openalex.org/W2038368564","https://openalex.org/W2068264290","https://openalex.org/W2082562650","https://openalex.org/W2093176270","https://openalex.org/W2112615231","https://openalex.org/W2115319905","https://openalex.org/W2145839404","https://openalex.org/W2147325119","https://openalex.org/W2169799765","https://openalex.org/W2557081843","https://openalex.org/W2579645677","https://openalex.org/W2579904706","https://openalex.org/W2756038645","https://openalex.org/W2765100987","https://openalex.org/W2812593993","https://openalex.org/W2839581089","https://openalex.org/W2885869279","https://openalex.org/W2888849277","https://openalex.org/W2908369031","https://openalex.org/W2944900132","https://openalex.org/W3026768994","https://openalex.org/W3039206197","https://openalex.org/W3044019174","https://openalex.org/W3094396876","https://openalex.org/W3165392246","https://openalex.org/W3184364502","https://openalex.org/W3199712982","https://openalex.org/W4207012664","https://openalex.org/W4212848690","https://openalex.org/W4214761771","https://openalex.org/W4236994453","https://openalex.org/W4238510347","https://openalex.org/W4248863879","https://openalex.org/W4291172319","https://openalex.org/W4306898320","https://openalex.org/W4319081729","https://openalex.org/W4376647852","https://openalex.org/W4385893795","https://openalex.org/W4387377312","https://openalex.org/W4400136407","https://openalex.org/W4404107918","https://openalex.org/W4411748535","https://openalex.org/W4416555774","https://openalex.org/W7116991978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411748535","https://openalex.org/W4414295872","https://openalex.org/W4400774872","https://openalex.org/W2359470136","https://openalex.org/W4378473006","https://openalex.org/W7220119021","https://openalex.org/W4399174781","https://openalex.org/W4319081729","https://openalex.org/W4417102704","https://openalex.org/W6990629174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Historically,":[0],"moral":[1,41,53,67,111,120,140,153],"education":[2],"has":[3,16,83],"predominantly":[4],"involved":[5],"the":[6,21,84,106,123,138,147,175],"use":[7,107],"of":[8,23,37,49,102,108,125,137,142,165],"textbooks,":[9],"films,":[10],"and":[11,25,50,60,73,90,122,145,163],"in-class":[12],"role":[13],"plays.":[14],"It":[15],"also,":[17],"at":[18,32],"times,":[19],"included":[20],"teaching":[22,94],"values":[24],"rules,":[26],"as":[27,29],"well":[28],"skills":[30],"aimed":[31],"developing":[33,61],"compassion.":[34],"However,":[35],"theories":[36],"morality":[38],"suggest":[39],"that":[40],"development":[42],"also":[43],"entails":[44],"fostering":[45],"an":[46],"independent":[47],"understanding":[48,136],"reflection":[51],"on":[52,160],"concepts,":[54],"rather":[55],"than":[56],"merely":[57],"acquiring":[58],"knowledge":[59],"skills.":[62],"This":[63,96,128,155],"raises":[64],"challenges":[65],"for":[66,110],"education:":[68],"what":[69],"should":[70,75],"be":[71,77,172],"taught,":[72],"how":[74,166],"it":[76],"taught?":[78],"Virtual":[79],"Reality":[80],"(VR)":[81],"technology":[82,114,169],"potential":[85],"to":[86,93,117,132,149,177],"offer":[87],"a":[88,99,134],"timely":[89],"innovative":[91],"approach":[92],"morality.":[95],"article":[97],"provides":[98],"narrative":[100,156],"review":[101,157],"recent":[103],"developments":[104],"in":[105,174],"VR":[109,113,168],"education.":[112],"enables":[115],"users":[116],"\u2018immersively\u2019":[118],"visualize":[119],"options":[121],"consequences":[124],"their":[126,143,151],"decisions.":[127],"may":[129],"allow":[130],"learners":[131],"develop":[133],"deeper":[135],"possible":[139],"implications":[141],"actions":[144],"provide":[146],"flexibility":[148],"shape":[150],"own":[152],"values.":[154],"specifically":[158],"focusses":[159],"concrete":[161],"steps":[162],"concepts":[164],"digital":[167],"might":[170],"practically":[171],"implemented":[173],"classroom":[176],"enhance":[178],"learning":[179],"experiences.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
