{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225313620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","title":"High Coverage, Low Information? Careless Responding and the Validity of Institutional Student Evaluation in Chinese Higher Education","display_name":"High Coverage, Low Information? Careless Responding and the Validity of Institutional Student Evaluation in Chinese Higher Education","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225313620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2026-0429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","pdf_url":"https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/download/14974/14572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764675630","display_name":"Journal of Educational and Social Research","issn_l":"2239-978X","issn":["2239-978X","2240-0524"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327983455","host_organization_name":"Richtmann Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327983455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Richtmann Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational and Social Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/download/14974/14572","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043753760","display_name":"Hengyan Ding","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71459812","display_name":"Beijing International Studies University","ror":"https://ror.org/058s1vf87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71459812"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hengyan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Student Affairs,  Beijing International Studies University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Student Affairs,  Beijing International Studies University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71459812"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043753760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71459812"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11039","display_name":"Evaluation of Teaching Practices","score":0.04830000177025795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.037700001150369644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/careless-responding","display_name":"careless responding","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-evaluation-of-teaching","display_name":"student evaluation of teaching","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-assurance-in-higher-education","display_name":"higher education quality assurance","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-governance","display_name":"education governance","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-data-validity","display_name":"survey data validity","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-higher-education","display_name":"Chinese higher education","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6466000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.5335999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173481278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257997","display_name":"Survey research","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109167261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421955","display_name":"Fell","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991670904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875538","display_name":"Public university","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781463719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002022","display_name":"Grade inflation","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1589151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804207","display_name":"Measurement invariance","level":4,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200941418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273508","display_name":"Inflation (cosmology)","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159744936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126730","display_name":"Spearman's rank correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188231857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2585724","display_name":"Educational assessment","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","pdf_url":"https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/download/14974/14572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764675630","display_name":"Journal of Educational and Social Research","issn_l":"2239-978X","issn":["2239-978X","2240-0524"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327983455","host_organization_name":"Richtmann Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327983455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Richtmann Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational and Social Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2026-0429","pdf_url":"https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/download/14974/14572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764675630","display_name":"Journal of Educational and Social Research","issn_l":"2239-978X","issn":["2239-978X","2240-0524"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4327983455","host_organization_name":"Richtmann Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4327983455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Richtmann Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational and Social Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225313620.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225313620.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1046275439","https://openalex.org/W1968423387","https://openalex.org/W1983604458","https://openalex.org/W2010398643","https://openalex.org/W2016465515","https://openalex.org/W2101938596","https://openalex.org/W2116323796","https://openalex.org/W2560221553","https://openalex.org/W2752040089","https://openalex.org/W3193899089","https://openalex.org/W4293870301","https://openalex.org/W4399214937","https://openalex.org/W4408592057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084605811","https://openalex.org/W3193899089","https://openalex.org/W7119548855","https://openalex.org/W7098815968","https://openalex.org/W2118643881","https://openalex.org/W101428493","https://openalex.org/W3019398043","https://openalex.org/W653416018","https://openalex.org/W2544709657","https://openalex.org/W3025587192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"student":[1,204],"surveys":[2],"increasingly":[3],"inform":[4],"educational":[5,189],"planning":[6],"and":[7,23,93,126,200],"organisational":[8],"comparison,":[9,199],"but":[10],"high":[11],"participation":[12],"does":[13],"not":[14],"guarantee":[15],"attentive":[16],"responses.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"examined":[20],"response":[21],"quality":[22],"its":[24],"institutional":[25,156,201],"consequences":[26],"in":[27,36,69,142],"an":[28],"administratively":[29,179],"mobilised":[30],"survey":[31,205],"at":[32,70],"a":[33,118,146,176],"public":[34],"university":[35],"northern":[37],"China":[38],"(N":[39],"=":[40],"5,144).":[41],"Response":[42],"patterns":[43],"were":[44,79],"evaluated":[45],"across":[46],"four":[47],"consecutive":[48],"ordered-response":[49],"blocks":[50,78],"comprising":[51],"67":[52],"items":[53],"on":[54],"three":[55,74],"scale":[56],"metrics.":[57],"A":[58],"conservative":[59],"primary":[60,100],"rule":[61],"flagged":[62],"respondents":[63],"who":[64],"gave":[65],"completely":[66],"invariant":[67],"answers":[68],"least":[71],"two":[72],"of":[73,95,129,152,203],"core":[75],"blocks;":[76],"separate":[77],"then":[80],"used":[81],"for":[82,107,137,188],"cross-block":[83],"sensitivity":[84],"analysis.":[85],"Within-block":[86],"invariance":[87],"ranged":[88],"from":[89,122],"40.2%":[90],"to":[91,124,160],"60.9%,":[92],"49.4%":[94],"complete":[96],"cases":[97],"met":[98],"the":[99,127,143,153,165],"rule.":[101],"After":[102],"screening,":[103],"Cronbach\u2019s":[104],"alpha":[105],"decreased":[106],"all":[108],"seven":[109],"scales,":[110],"top-category":[111],"endorsement":[112,141],"fell":[113],"by":[114],"6.7\u201310.8":[115],"percentage":[116],"points,":[117],"focal":[119],"correlation":[120],"declined":[121],".644":[123],".495,":[125],"ordering":[128],"11":[130],"colleges":[131],"changed.":[132],"Estimated":[133],"inflation":[134],"was":[135],"greater":[136],"indicators":[138],"with":[139,150,170],"lower":[140],"screened":[144],"sample,":[145],"descriptive":[147],"pattern":[148],"consistent":[149],"compression":[151],"differences":[154],"that":[155],"evaluation":[157],"is":[158],"intended":[159],"detect.":[161],"Cross-block":[162],"analyses":[163],"produced":[164],"same":[166],"directional":[167],"pattern,":[168],"although":[169],"smaller":[171],"effects.":[172],"The":[173],"findings":[174],"illustrate":[175],"coverage\u2013quality":[177],"paradox:":[178],"successful":[180],"data":[181],"collection":[182],"can":[183],"still":[184],"yield":[185],"weak":[186],"evidence":[187],"governance.":[190],"Response-quality":[191],"assessment":[192],"should":[193],"therefore":[194],"accompany":[195],"response-rate":[196],"reporting,":[197],"group":[198],"use":[202],"results.":[206],"Received:":[207],"25":[208],"August":[209],"2026":[210,215,219],"/":[211,216],"Accepted:":[212],"19":[213],"October":[214],"Published:":[217],"November":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}