{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225312539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4523","title":"Trends in Racial and Ethnic Representation in the Oncology Trainee Workforce","display_name":"Trends in Racial and Ethnic Representation in the Oncology Trainee Workforce","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225312539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4523","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986662","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13741185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2756165422","display_name":"JAMA Oncology","issn_l":"2374-2437","issn":["2374-2437","2374-2445"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13741185/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016683612","display_name":"Allison Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-9853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-9853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison O. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Brigham Cancer Institute, Boston","Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Brigham Cancer Institute, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108566226","display_name":"Pamela R. Soulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5142-4990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5142-4990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802730090","display_name":"Yale Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7sze86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I4210117499","https://openalex.org/I4210165192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela R. Soulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001943409","display_name":"Jeph S. Herrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-3622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-3622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802730090","display_name":"Yale Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7sze86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I4210117499","https://openalex.org/I4210165192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeph Herrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160908974","display_name":"James B. Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289422878","display_name":"Dartmouth\u2013Hitchcock Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00d1dhh09","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454","https://openalex.org/I1289422878","https://openalex.org/I4390039337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802730090","display_name":"Yale Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7sze86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I4210117499","https://openalex.org/I4210165192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James B. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","Department of Radiation Oncology & Applied Sciences, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology & Applied Sciences, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289422878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111733996","display_name":"Jessica B. Long","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802730090","display_name":"Yale Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7sze86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I4210117499","https://openalex.org/I4210165192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica B. Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057908583","display_name":"William D. Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-402X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-402X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802730090","display_name":"Yale Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7sze86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I4210117499","https://openalex.org/I4210165192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110085944","display_name":"Dowin H. Boatright","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dowin H. Boatright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078289544","display_name":"Cary Philip Gross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-935X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-935X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802730090","display_name":"Yale Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7sze86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I4210117499","https://openalex.org/I4210165192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cary P. Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802730090","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-diversity","display_name":"racial and ethnic diversity","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underrepresented-in-medicine","display_name":"underrepresented in medicine","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncology-trainees","display_name":"oncology trainees","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-workforce-diversity","display_name":"physician workforce diversity","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postgraduate-medical-education","display_name":"graduate medical education","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-initiatives","display_name":"diversity initiatives","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities-in-cancer-care","display_name":"racial disparities in cancer care","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-oncology","display_name":"surgical oncology","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-surgery","display_name":"general surgery","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-american-physicians","display_name":"Native American physicians","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7771999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7631999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.7447999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7297000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5592059","display_name":"Graduate medical education","level":3,"score":0.6450999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020641676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065556","display_name":"Pacific islanders","level":3,"score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910734998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25305118","display_name":"Underrepresented Minority","level":2,"score":0.5566999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.5418000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4805000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134215751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829080","display_name":"Professional association","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989236134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Patient care","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776598537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812651","display_name":"Clinical Oncology","level":3,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777386904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic origin","level":3,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780435969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5625186","display_name":"Gynecologic oncology","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428888","display_name":"Faculty development","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020528894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820271","display_name":"Graduate students","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777207495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072146","display_name":"Personnel selection","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.4523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2756165422","display_name":"JAMA Oncology","issn_l":"2374-2437","issn":["2374-2437","2374-2445"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42986662","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42986662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13741185","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13741185/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Oncol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13741185","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13741185/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JAMA Oncol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997617482","https://openalex.org/W2055680524","https://openalex.org/W2057404401","https://openalex.org/W2100618270","https://openalex.org/W2106828222","https://openalex.org/W3125724615","https://openalex.org/W3204743719","https://openalex.org/W4200453739","https://openalex.org/W4280542358","https://openalex.org/W4376637022","https://openalex.org/W4403053570","https://openalex.org/W4411348619","https://openalex.org/W4415065456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3171335842","https://openalex.org/W3204743719","https://openalex.org/W4414893390","https://openalex.org/W4366463829","https://openalex.org/W3167298565","https://openalex.org/W7222808462","https://openalex.org/W2585592556","https://openalex.org/W4415065456","https://openalex.org/W3130580854","https://openalex.org/W4414574496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Importance:":[0],"Professional":[1],"oncology":[2,17,37,65,299,310,327],"societies":[3],"have":[4,26],"invested":[5],"in":[6,30,52,57,132,189,216,254,264,297,308,322,374],"initiatives":[7,25],"to":[8,28,145,153,176,242,249,355],"enhance":[9],"the":[10,16,31,53,123,178,190,201,217,265,330,341,367,370],"racial":[11,32],"and":[12,39,66,75,111,119,140,158,169,184,200,300,334],"ethnic":[13,34],"representation":[14,35,324,362],"of":[15,55,97,162,180,192,219,229,267,343,369],"physician":[18,60],"workforce,":[19],"particularly":[20,357],"since":[21,358],"2020.":[22],"Whether":[23],"these":[24],"contributed":[27],"changes":[29,188],"or":[33,87,91,96,100,103,107,135],"among":[36,325],"trainees":[38,41,61,131,164,223,230,240,245,252,328,344],"nononcology":[40,67],"who":[42,82,231,345],"provide":[43,346],"cancer-related":[44],"care":[45,142,348],"is":[46],"unclear.":[47],"Objective:":[48],"To":[49],"assess":[50],"trends":[51,73],"distribution":[54],"underrepresented":[56],"medicine":[58],"(URiM)":[59],"over":[62,329],"time":[63],"across":[64],"specialties,":[68,291],"with":[69],"a":[70,193,268,280],"focus":[71],"on":[72],"pre-":[74],"post-2020.":[76],"The":[77,160,227,303],"URiM":[78,163,182,196,233,271,323,351,361],"category":[79],"included":[80],"individuals":[81],"identified":[83],"as":[84,277,279,350],"American":[85],"Indian":[86],"Alaskan":[88],"Native;":[89],"Black":[90],"African":[92],"American;":[93],"Hispanic,":[94],"Latino,":[95],"Spanish":[98],"origin;":[99],"Native":[101],"Hawaiian":[102],"Pacific":[104],"Islander":[105],"race":[106,118],"ethnicity.":[108],"Design,":[109],"Setting,":[110],"Participants:":[112],"This":[113,336],"repeated":[114],"cross-sectional":[115,337],"study":[116,331,338],"used":[117,175],"ethnicity":[120],"data":[121],"from":[122,143,150,237,353],"Accreditation":[124],"Council":[125],"for":[126,130],"Graduate":[127],"Medical":[128],"Education":[129],"medical,":[133],"radiation,":[134],"surgical":[136,298],"oncology;":[137],"general":[138,301,371],"surgery;":[139],"primary":[141],"2011":[144,238,354],"2025.":[146,255,375],"Data":[147],"were":[148,207,211,225,232,295],"analyzed":[149],"April":[151],"2025":[152],"August":[154],"2026.":[155],"Main":[156],"Outcomes":[157],"Measures:":[159],"proportion":[161,342],"was":[165,174,234,259,306,317],"calculated":[166],"by":[167,185],"year":[168],"specialty.":[170,186],"Segmented":[171],"logistic":[172],"regression":[173],"estimate":[177],"odds":[179],"being":[181,195,270],"overall":[183,261],"Overall":[187],"likelihood":[191,266],"trainee":[194,214,269],"post-2020":[197,204,293,304],"(level":[198],"change)":[199,206],"annual":[202,282],"trend":[203],"(slope":[205],"estimated.":[208],"Results:":[209],"There":[210,316],"658":[212],"891":[213],"observations":[215],"cohort,":[218],"whom":[220],"113":[221],"937":[222],"(17.3%)":[224],"URiM.":[226],"percentage":[228],"relatively":[235],"stable":[236],"(5435":[239],"[16.1%])":[241],"2020":[243],"(8192":[244],"[16.4%]),":[246],"then":[247],"increased":[248,352],"13":[250],"345":[251],"(20.4%)":[253],"After":[256],"2020,":[257],"there":[258],"an":[260],"5%":[262,281],"increase":[263,283,305],"(OR,":[272,284,311],"1.05;":[273,285],"95%":[274,286,313],"CI,":[275,287,314],"1.03-1.08),":[276],"well":[278],"1.05-1.06).":[288],"Within":[289],"individual":[290],"significant":[292,320],"increases":[294],"observed":[296],"surgery.":[302],"greatest":[307],"radiation":[309],"1.20;":[312],"1.11-1.30).":[315],"no":[318],"statistically":[319],"change":[321],"medical":[326],"period.":[332],"Conclusions":[333],"Relevance:":[335],"found":[339],"that":[340],"cancer":[347],"identifying":[349],"2025,":[356],"2020;":[359],"however,":[360],"still":[363],"did":[364],"not":[365],"match":[366],"diversity":[368],"US":[372],"population":[373]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
