{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225310023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040186","title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen and Natural Gas Combustion in Aluminum Pusher Furnaces","display_name":"Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen and Natural Gas Combustion in Aluminum Pusher Furnaces","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225310023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/hydrogen7040186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183513","display_name":"Hydrogen","issn_l":"2673-4141","issn":["2673-4141"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hydrogen","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040186","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5158607630","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Ram\u00edrez S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7727-5554","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7727-5554"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andres Ramirez Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Industrial Furnaces and Heat Engineering (IOB), RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7727-5554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Industrial Furnaces and Heat Engineering (IOB), RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025671641","display_name":"Felix Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-9795","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-9795"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Industrial Furnaces and Heat Engineering (IOB), RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-9795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Industrial Furnaces and Heat Engineering (IOB), RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106537952","display_name":"Christian Wuppermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0458-7335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0458-7335"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Wuppermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Industrial Furnaces and Heat Engineering (IOB), RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074 Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0458-7335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Industrial Furnaces and Heat Engineering (IOB), RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074 Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5158607630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"186","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.8554999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.8554999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.07729999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-combustion","display_name":"hydrogen combustion","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas-combustion","display_name":"natural gas combustion","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-hydrogen","display_name":"grey hydrogen","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-gas-composition","display_name":"off-gas composition","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cradle-to-gate-environmental-impact","display_name":"cradle-to-gate environmental impact","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-generation-mix","display_name":"electricity mix","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.786300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.7347000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.6567999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.554099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929999","display_name":"Hydrogen production","level":3,"score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.462799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196832758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408429","display_name":"Solid fuel","level":3,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103208741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675349","display_name":"Service life","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9682599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11549077","display_name":"Hydrogen fuel","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26625249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909363","display_name":"Fuel gas","level":3,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/hydrogen7040186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183513","display_name":"Hydrogen","issn_l":"2673-4141","issn":["2673-4141"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hydrogen","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/hydrogen7040186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7040186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183513","display_name":"Hydrogen","issn_l":"2673-4141","issn":["2673-4141"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hydrogen","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.6000000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011296308","https://openalex.org/W7115413268","https://openalex.org/W1029486259","https://openalex.org/W2912680110","https://openalex.org/W4413815659","https://openalex.org/W7133393324","https://openalex.org/W7056766191","https://openalex.org/W589505980","https://openalex.org/W2047926937","https://openalex.org/W2165107761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Europe,":[1],"natural":[2],"gas":[3],"(NG)":[4],"combustion":[5,49,73,140],"has":[6],"become":[7],"a":[8,24,28,39,52,92],"bidimensional":[9],"problem":[10],"from":[11,67,75],"both":[12],"political":[13],"and":[14,47,69,72,113,127,130,148,174],"environmental":[15,123,161],"perspectives.":[16],"Consequently,":[17],"substituting":[18],"hydrogen":[19],"(H2)":[20],"for":[21,50],"NG":[22,126],"as":[23],"CO2-free":[25],"fuel":[26,94],"is":[27,63],"promising":[29],"decarbonization":[30],"option.":[31],"This":[32,61],"study":[33],"addresses":[34],"this":[35],"issue":[36],"by":[37],"conducting":[38],"\u201ccradle-to-gate\u201d":[40],"Life":[41],"Cycle":[42],"Assessment":[43],"(LCA),":[44],"comparing":[45],"NG/air":[46],"H2/air":[48],"preheating":[51],"one-ton":[53],"aluminum":[54,59],"slab":[55],"in":[56,79,135,159,178],"the":[57,76,104,114,121,131,138,143,154],"semi-finished":[58],"industry.":[60],"evaluation":[62],"based":[64],"on":[65],"data":[66],"energy":[68],"mass":[70],"balances":[71],"calculations":[74],"off-gas":[77],"composition":[78],"an":[80],"11":[81],"MW":[82],"pusher":[83],"furnace.":[84],"Three":[85],"scenarios":[86],"were":[87,98],"simulated,":[88],"each":[89],"corresponding":[90],"to":[91,137,180],"specific":[93],"type.":[95],"The":[96,118],"simulations":[97],"performed":[99],"using":[100],"Umberto":[101],"11\u00ae":[102],"software,":[103],"ReCiPe":[105],"2016":[106],"(Hierarchist)":[107],"life":[108],"cycle":[109],"impact":[110,124,168],"assessment":[111],"methodology,":[112],"ecoinvent\u00ae":[115],"3.11":[116],"database.":[117],"results":[119,158],"demonstrate":[120],"significant":[122],"that":[125],"H2":[128,147,149],"production":[129],"German":[132],"grid":[133],"have":[134],"comparison":[136,179],"furnace":[139],"process.":[141],"Nevertheless,":[142],"use":[144],"of":[145,166],"gray":[146],"produced":[150],"through":[151],"electrolysis":[152],"with":[153,170,183],"current":[155],"electricity":[156],"mix":[157],"worse":[160],"impacts":[162],"across":[163],"16":[164],"out":[165],"17":[167],"indicators,":[169],"values":[171],"between":[172],"1.25":[173],"13":[175],"times":[176],"higher":[177],"those":[181],"associated":[182],"NG.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}