{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225307272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14212095","title":"Rethinking Maritime Search Patterns from an IAMSAR Perspective: A Scenario-Based Evaluation of Novel Patterns","display_name":"Rethinking Maritime Search Patterns from an IAMSAR Perspective: A Scenario-Based Evaluation of Novel Patterns","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225307272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14212095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jmse14212095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14212095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14212095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736865057","display_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2077-1312","issn":["2077-1312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14212095","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160749988","display_name":"\u015eerif Can G\u00f6k\u00e7e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-1746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-1746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155859","display_name":"\u0130skenderun Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/052nzqz14","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155859"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u015eerif Can G\u00f6k\u00e7e","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Engineering, Barbaros Hayrettin Naval Architecture and Maritime Faculty, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun 31200, Hatay, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-1746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Engineering, Barbaros Hayrettin Naval Architecture and Maritime Faculty, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun 31200, Hatay, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042832529","display_name":"Ercan Akan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-8290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-8290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155859","display_name":"\u0130skenderun Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/052nzqz14","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155859"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ercan Akan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maritime Transportation Management Engineering, Barbaros Hayrettin Naval Architecture and Maritime Faculty, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun 31200, Hatay, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-8290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maritime Transportation Management Engineering, Barbaros Hayrettin Naval Architecture and Maritime Faculty, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun 31200, Hatay, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000560905","display_name":"Emre \u00c7akmak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-3144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-3144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121333","display_name":"Istinye University","ror":"https://ror.org/03081nz23","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121333"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre \u00c7akmak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sar\u0131yer 34396, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-3144","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sar\u0131yer 34396, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121333"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160749988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155859"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76590241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"2095","last_page":"2095"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13371","display_name":"Military Defense Systems Analysis","score":0.0284000001847744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13187","display_name":"Diffusion and Search Dynamics","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maritime-search-and-rescue","display_name":"maritime search and rescue","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-patterns","display_name":"search patterns","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert-curve","display_name":"Hilbert curve","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiral-search","display_name":"spiral search","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-detection","display_name":"target detection","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-based-planning","display_name":"search planning","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-and-current-effects","display_name":"wind and current effects","score":0.6949999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741964","display_name":"Search and rescue","level":3,"score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174128100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846907","display_name":"Spiral (railway)","level":2,"score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5845000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82691427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291856","display_name":"Pattern search","level":2,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98306058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3526893","display_name":"Search theory","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128765274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663314","display_name":"Hexagonal crystal system","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204259536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787903","display_name":"Linear search","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776088427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378859","display_name":"Pattern detection","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201789804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2362762","display_name":"Search problem","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126661757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4925641","display_name":"Random search","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985264313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378859","display_name":"Pattern analysis","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jmse14212095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14212095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14212095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736865057","display_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2077-1312","issn":["2077-1312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jmse14212095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14212095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14212095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736865057","display_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2077-1312","issn":["2077-1312"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W286790658","https://openalex.org/W1977206471","https://openalex.org/W2001589150","https://openalex.org/W2152471949","https://openalex.org/W2154996676","https://openalex.org/W2188898875","https://openalex.org/W3032470890","https://openalex.org/W3034169557","https://openalex.org/W3129001201","https://openalex.org/W3193596406","https://openalex.org/W3194836578","https://openalex.org/W3208321106","https://openalex.org/W3212325257","https://openalex.org/W4200299160","https://openalex.org/W4210922051","https://openalex.org/W4282556027","https://openalex.org/W4282570835","https://openalex.org/W4291237137","https://openalex.org/W4293258904","https://openalex.org/W4309076409","https://openalex.org/W4313654810","https://openalex.org/W4365140241","https://openalex.org/W4385743444","https://openalex.org/W4387095298","https://openalex.org/W4388995993","https://openalex.org/W4390283743","https://openalex.org/W4394834632","https://openalex.org/W4396684203","https://openalex.org/W4396790587","https://openalex.org/W4399196807","https://openalex.org/W4400642701","https://openalex.org/W4407289126","https://openalex.org/W4407946274","https://openalex.org/W4410494220","https://openalex.org/W4414272845","https://openalex.org/W7117163904","https://openalex.org/W7164420334","https://openalex.org/W7172414057","https://openalex.org/W7207642180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285380790","https://openalex.org/W2633612865","https://openalex.org/W2900106889","https://openalex.org/W2758628605","https://openalex.org/W4416452703","https://openalex.org/W7117163904","https://openalex.org/W4414113355","https://openalex.org/W2946711219","https://openalex.org/W2597579272","https://openalex.org/W4406077700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Search":[0,77],"and":[1,9,65,75,78,92,99,131,150,212,245,269,277,289],"Rescue":[2,79],"(SAR)":[3],"operations":[4],"are":[5],"conducted":[6],"to":[7,46,57,62,266],"locate":[8],"safely":[10],"rescue":[11],"individuals":[12],"or":[13],"objects":[14],"in":[15,169,185,223,284],"distress":[16],"as":[17,19,257,311],"rapidly":[18],"possible":[20],"following":[21],"maritime":[22],"emergencies.":[23],"In":[24,191,292],"this":[25,54,83],"process,":[26],"operational":[27],"performance":[28,116,138,235],"depends":[29],"not":[30],"only":[31],"on":[32,40,241],"determining":[33],"the":[34,41,48,63,72,121,132,158,162,170,176,180,192,197,201,210,217,229,233,237,295,298,307,317,323],"target\u2019s":[35],"probable":[36],"location":[37],"but":[38],"also":[39],"specific":[42],"search":[43,49,60,68,94,151,172,195,242,254,301,309],"pattern":[44,160,182,199,220,255,302],"used":[45,70,283],"scan":[47],"area.":[50],"The":[51,104,111,154,248],"aim":[52],"of":[53,118,143,165,187,204,236],"study":[55,296],"is":[56,252],"develop":[58],"alternative":[59],"patterns":[61,69,95,105,238],"parallel":[64,171],"expanding":[66,193,213,218],"square":[67,194,214,219],"within":[71],"International":[73],"Aeronautical":[74],"Maritime":[76],"(IAMSAR)":[80],"methodology.":[81],"To":[82],"end,":[84],"Hilbert,":[85],"Moore,":[86],"Morton,":[87],"V-formation,":[88],"pentagonal,":[89],"hexagonal,":[90],"octagonal,":[91],"spiral":[93,198],"were":[96],"mathematically":[97],"defined":[98],"rendered":[100],"for":[101,139],"algorithmic":[102,278],"implementation.":[103],"underwent":[106],"a":[107,271,312],"three-stage":[108],"evaluation":[109],"process.":[110],"first":[112,222],"stage":[113,123,134],"assessed":[114,135],"baseline":[115],"independently":[117],"external":[119],"factors;":[120],"second":[122],"evaluated":[124],"behaviour":[125],"under":[126,146],"different":[127],"initial":[128],"target":[129,136,167,206,324],"locations;":[130],"third":[133],"detection":[137,189,225],"five":[140],"distinct":[141],"types":[142],"drifting":[144],"targets":[145],"varying":[147],"wind,":[148],"current,":[149],"area":[152,243],"conditions.":[153,247],"results":[155],"revealed":[156],"that":[157,280],"Moore":[159],"achieved":[161,200],"highest":[163,202],"number":[164,203],"fastest":[166,205],"detections":[168],"group,":[173,196],"followed":[174,208,227],"by":[175,209,228],"Hilbert":[177],"pattern,":[178],"while":[179,216],"Morton":[181],"stood":[183],"out":[184],"terms":[186],"second-fastest":[188,224],"counts.":[190],"detections,":[207],"hexagonal":[211],"patterns,":[215,268],"ranked":[221],"counts,":[226],"octagonal":[230],"pattern.":[231],"However,":[232],"relative":[234],"varied":[239],"depending":[240],"size":[244],"environmental":[246],"study\u2019s":[249],"primary":[250],"contribution":[251],"treating":[253],"selection":[256],"an":[258],"independent":[259],"SAR":[260,319],"planning":[261],"variable,":[262],"offering":[263],"viable":[264],"alternatives":[265],"IAMSAR":[267],"establishing":[270],"reproducible,":[272],"extensible":[273],"framework":[274],"through":[275],"mathematical":[276],"definitions":[279],"can":[281,303],"be":[282,325],"future":[285],"optimisation,":[286],"decision":[287],"support,":[288],"area-scanning":[290],"initiatives.":[291],"doing":[293],"so,":[294],"frames":[297],"question":[299],"\u201cwhich":[300],"most":[304],"effectively":[305],"cover":[306],"designated":[308],"area?\u201d":[310],"systematic":[313],"research":[314],"problem":[315],"alongside":[316],"fundamental":[318],"question:":[320],"\u201cWhere":[321],"should":[322],"searched":[326],"for?\u201d":[327]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}