{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225305115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","title":"STATISTICAL LEARNING FOR ISLAMIC HERITAGE IDENTIFICATION: CLASSIFYING SUMATRAN SULTANATE AFFILIATION THROUGH GRAVESTONE CHARACTERISTICS","display_name":"STATISTICAL LEARNING FOR ISLAMIC HERITAGE IDENTIFICATION: CLASSIFYING SUMATRAN SULTANATE AFFILIATION THROUGH GRAVESTONE CHARACTERISTICS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225305115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","pdf_url":"https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/JIITUJ/article/download/59887/26003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198043","display_name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi|JIITUJ|","issn_l":"2580-2240","issn":["2580-2240","2580-2259"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314958","host_organization_name":"Jambi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314958"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Jambi University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/JIITUJ/article/download/59887/26003","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045761702","display_name":"Titin Agustin Nengsih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-8782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-8782"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257675","display_name":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8ejf75","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257675"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Titin Agustin Nengsih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148826781","display_name":"Muharoma Fahnur Ihsandi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257675","display_name":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8ejf75","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257675"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muharoma Fahnur Ihsandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088712766","display_name":"Imam Arifa\u2019illah Syaiful Huda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257675","display_name":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8ejf75","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257675"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imam Arifa\u2019illah Syaiful Huda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091527314","display_name":"Amir Husni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147791725","display_name":"Universitas Jambi","ror":"https://ror.org/00g1w3j30","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147791725"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Husni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jambi University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jambi University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147791725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023121270","display_name":"Wahyu Rizky Andhifani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-4907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-4907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahyu Rizky Andhifani","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research and Innovation Agency"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research and Innovation Agency","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062599492","display_name":"Benny Agusti Putra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0893-1633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0893-1633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257675","display_name":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8ejf75","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257675"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benny Agusti Putra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257675"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"2759","last_page":"2770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":0.6859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":0.6859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.16979999840259552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.0608999989926815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aceh","display_name":"Aceh","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siak-regency","display_name":"Siak Regency","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deli","display_name":"Deli","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calligraphy","display_name":"calligraphy","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact-detection","display_name":"artifact detection","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"linear discriminant analysis","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinomial-logit-model","display_name":"multinomial logistic regression","score":0.9089999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6726999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117568660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650843","display_name":"Multinomial logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526940114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12681","display_name":"Calligraphy","level":3,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","pdf_url":"https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/JIITUJ/article/download/59887/26003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198043","display_name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi|JIITUJ|","issn_l":"2580-2240","issn":["2580-2240","2580-2259"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314958","host_organization_name":"Jambi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314958"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Jambi University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v10i5.59887","pdf_url":"https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/JIITUJ/article/download/59887/26003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198043","display_name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi|JIITUJ|","issn_l":"2580-2240","issn":["2580-2240","2580-2259"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314958","host_organization_name":"Jambi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314958"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Jambi University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225305115.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225305115.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493790738","https://openalex.org/W1510019509","https://openalex.org/W1924866090","https://openalex.org/W1964408461","https://openalex.org/W1986056890","https://openalex.org/W1992809818","https://openalex.org/W2026255162","https://openalex.org/W2090578816","https://openalex.org/W2123275308","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2167297612","https://openalex.org/W2275071285","https://openalex.org/W2498119267","https://openalex.org/W2966668327","https://openalex.org/W3131103771","https://openalex.org/W4381740929","https://openalex.org/W4396547232","https://openalex.org/W4401053918","https://openalex.org/W4408528795","https://openalex.org/W4410527895","https://openalex.org/W4417268337","https://openalex.org/W7216400132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206924825","https://openalex.org/W4404956422","https://openalex.org/W2734934862","https://openalex.org/W1979902364","https://openalex.org/W7127354395","https://openalex.org/W7167239171","https://openalex.org/W2188300068","https://openalex.org/W2795013932","https://openalex.org/W2494032417","https://openalex.org/W3047532081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classifying":[0],"sultanate":[1,48,69],"affiliation":[2,25,49],"based":[3,50],"on":[4,51],"gravestone":[5,17,65,129,170],"characteristics":[6,54],"is":[7],"necessary":[8],"to":[9],"support":[10],"more":[11],"objective":[12],"artifact":[13],"identification.":[14],"Similarities":[15],"in":[16,46,59,72],"shape":[18],"and":[19,41,55,83,96,100,107,124,138,152,162],"decoration":[20,56],"across":[21],"regions":[22],"often":[23],"complicate":[24],"determination":[26],"through":[27],"visual":[28],"observation":[29],"alone.":[30],"This":[31,61],"study":[32,62],"compares":[33],"the":[34,52,145,165,172,181],"performance":[35],"of":[36,57,121,184],"Linear":[37],"Discriminant":[38],"Analysis":[39],"(LDA)":[40],"Multinomial":[42],"Logistic":[43],"Regression":[44],"(MLR)":[45],"classifying":[47],"physical":[53,92],"gravestones":[58],"Sumatra.":[60,73],"used":[63],"319":[64],"data":[66],"from":[67],"Islamic":[68],"burial":[70],"complexes":[71],"Sultanate":[74],"affiliations":[75],"were":[76,105,110,164],"grouped":[77],"as":[78,180],"Aceh,":[79],"Pagaruyung,":[80],"Siak,":[81],"Deli,":[82],"Others.":[84],"The":[85,131,142],"predictor":[86],"variables":[87],"included":[88],"type,":[89,171],"shape,":[90],"material,":[91],"condition,":[93],"upper,":[94],"middle,":[95],"lower":[97],"decorative":[98],"elements,":[99],"calligraphy":[101],"text.":[102],"All":[103],"predictors":[104],"dummy-coded,":[106],"both":[108],"models":[109],"evaluated":[111],"using":[112],"repeated":[113],"stratified":[114],"5-fold":[115],"cross-validation,":[116],"accompanied":[117],"by":[118],"an":[119],"assessment":[120],"LDA":[122,137,153],"assumptions":[123],"a":[125],"sensitivity":[126],"analysis":[127],"excluding":[128],"type.":[130],"cross-validated":[132],"accuracy":[133,173],"was":[134,148],"95.28%":[135],"for":[136,140],"93.51%":[139],"MLR.":[141],"difference":[143],"between":[144],"two":[146],"methods":[147],"not":[149],"statistically":[150],"significant,":[151],"remained":[154,174],"stable":[155],"despite":[156],"violating":[157],"its":[158],"assumptions.":[159],"Gravestone":[160],"type":[161],"material":[163,179],"most":[166],"influential":[167],"attributes.":[168],"Without":[169],"at":[175],"approximately":[176],"87%,":[177],"with":[178],"strongest":[182],"marker":[183],"affiliation.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}
