{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225304585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","title":"Beneath the tip of the iceberg: Prevalence and characteristics of cyclists' safety critical events \u2013 A German field study","display_name":"Beneath the tip of the iceberg: Prevalence and characteristics of cyclists' safety critical events \u2013 A German field study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225304585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51141438","display_name":"Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","issn_l":"1369-8478","issn":["1369-8478","1873-5517"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022822643","display_name":"Sabine Springer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-6380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-6380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2610724","display_name":"Chemnitz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a208s56","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Springer-Teumer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Psychology, Research Group Cognitive and Engineering Psychology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Psychology, Research Group Cognitive and Engineering Psychology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045113244","display_name":"Maria Kreu\u00dflein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0066-8840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0066-8840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2610724","display_name":"Chemnitz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a208s56","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Kreusslein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology and Human Factors, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology and Human Factors, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056527564","display_name":"Josef F. Krems","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6156-9944","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6156-9944"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2610724","display_name":"Chemnitz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a208s56","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josef F. Krems","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Psychology, Research Group Cognitive and Engineering Psychology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemnitz University of Technology, Institute of Psychology, Research Group Cognitive and Engineering Psychology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045113244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"],"apc_list":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84633028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"124","issue":null,"first_page":"103857","last_page":"103857"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.05950000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13527","display_name":"Road Transport and Highway Systems","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-safety","display_name":"cyclist safety","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-critical-events","display_name":"safety-critical events","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicycle-accidents","display_name":"bicycle accidents","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-safety","display_name":"perceived safety","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-quality","display_name":"infrastructure quality","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-behavior","display_name":"cycling behavior","score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-transport","display_name":"sustainable transport","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6692000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51141438","display_name":"Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","issn_l":"1369-8478","issn":["1369-8478","1873-5517"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2026.103857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51141438","display_name":"Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","issn_l":"1369-8478","issn":["1369-8478","1873-5517"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9333000183105469,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310476","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Verkehr und Digitale Infrastruktur","ror":"https://ror.org/00e3ns026"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34650581","https://openalex.org/W180442559","https://openalex.org/W192925437","https://openalex.org/W603393287","https://openalex.org/W1529764152","https://openalex.org/W1881802272","https://openalex.org/W1941267061","https://openalex.org/W1980230749","https://openalex.org/W1983219589","https://openalex.org/W1996750038","https://openalex.org/W2016148513","https://openalex.org/W2031956349","https://openalex.org/W2039207044","https://openalex.org/W2052167354","https://openalex.org/W2053203959","https://openalex.org/W2078463912","https://openalex.org/W2079831390","https://openalex.org/W2087645450","https://openalex.org/W2090394408","https://openalex.org/W2111910673","https://openalex.org/W2119408329","https://openalex.org/W2122204636","https://openalex.org/W2124729896","https://openalex.org/W2145001897","https://openalex.org/W2157208840","https://openalex.org/W2159172367","https://openalex.org/W2161231437","https://openalex.org/W2194354292","https://openalex.org/W2417548320","https://openalex.org/W2423486987","https://openalex.org/W2567886298","https://openalex.org/W2591465180","https://openalex.org/W2594450800","https://openalex.org/W2599455918","https://openalex.org/W2757378353","https://openalex.org/W2766283444","https://openalex.org/W2775264115","https://openalex.org/W2788934258","https://openalex.org/W2797285562","https://openalex.org/W2808175127","https://openalex.org/W2937059003","https://openalex.org/W2944862194","https://openalex.org/W2963238801","https://openalex.org/W3005312611","https://openalex.org/W3008422482","https://openalex.org/W3017192438","https://openalex.org/W3091723690","https://openalex.org/W3097886202","https://openalex.org/W3111283350","https://openalex.org/W3131573665","https://openalex.org/W3141979424","https://openalex.org/W3156748655","https://openalex.org/W3174606026","https://openalex.org/W3174843151","https://openalex.org/W3193543090","https://openalex.org/W4387124885","https://openalex.org/W4392752506","https://openalex.org/W4393353506","https://openalex.org/W4404568450","https://openalex.org/W4411050214","https://openalex.org/W4414445121","https://openalex.org/W4415601519","https://openalex.org/W4415977232"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W180321278","https://openalex.org/W6884904355","https://openalex.org/W2749250186","https://openalex.org/W2182720955","https://openalex.org/W2751156023","https://openalex.org/W6941268558","https://openalex.org/W3192070263","https://openalex.org/W2512178705","https://openalex.org/W2770067816","https://openalex.org/W2592045150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"cycling":[1],"offers":[2],"numerous":[3],"advantages,":[4],"existing":[5],"research":[6],"identifies":[7],"significant":[8],"barriers":[9],"to":[10,42,61,75,97,134,170],"its":[11,27],"uptake.":[12],"These":[13,147],"include":[14],"feeling":[15],"unsafe":[16],"in":[17,53,95,112,227],"traffic.":[18],"While":[19],"cyclist-centered":[20],"infrastructure":[21,80,98,208],"may":[22],"address":[23,35],"objective":[24],"safety":[25,45,166],"deficits,":[26],"impact":[28],"on":[29,144],"perceived":[30],"insecurity":[31],"remains":[32],"uncertain.":[33],"To":[34],"this":[36],"gap":[37],"and":[38,59,77,86,100,117,167,205,215],"as":[39,159,210],"an":[40],"approach":[41],"map":[43],"the":[44,63,129,145,198],"continuum,":[46],"we":[47,83,108],"conducted":[48],"a":[49],"national":[50],"field":[51],"study":[52],"Germany":[54],"that":[55,124,179],"combined":[56],"on-site":[57],"observations":[58],"interviews":[60],"determine":[62],"number":[64],"of":[65,79,131,165,200],"so":[66,178,222],"far":[67],"undocumented":[68],"safety-critical":[69],"events":[70],"(SCEs),":[71],"which":[72],"are":[73,139,183,224],"precursors":[74],"crashes":[76,218],"indicators":[78],"quality.":[81],"Specifically,":[82],"investigated":[84],"SCEs":[85,125,138,152,206,223],"their":[87],"characteristics":[88],"(involved":[89],"interaction":[90],"partners,":[91],"causes,":[92],"evasive":[93],"actions)":[94],"relation":[96],"type":[99],"assessment":[101],"method":[102],"(observation,":[103],"interview).":[104],"Over":[105],"12":[106],"weeks,":[107],"observed":[109],"34,676":[110],"cyclists":[111,211],"three":[113],"medium-sized":[114],"German":[115],"cities,":[116],"surveyed":[118],"978.":[119],"The":[120,195],"results":[121,148],"clearly":[122],"show":[123],"occur":[126],"frequently.":[127],"From":[128],"perspective":[130],"cyclists,":[132],"10":[133],"28":[135],"times":[136],"more":[137],"reported":[140],"than":[141],"observed,":[142],"depending":[143],"infrastructure.":[146],"have":[149],"several":[150],"implications:":[151],"should":[153,175],"be":[154,176],"considered":[155],"when":[156,193],"designing":[157],"infrastructure,":[158],"they":[160],"can":[161],"reduce":[162],"subjective":[163],"perceptions":[164],"potentially":[168],"lead":[169],"less":[171],"sustainable":[172],"mobility.":[173],"Infrastructure":[174],"designed":[177],"all":[180],"road":[181],"users":[182],"not":[184,225],"only":[185],"objectively":[186],"safe":[187],"but":[188],"also":[189],"subjectively,":[190],"i.e.,":[191],"fear-free,":[192],"travelling.":[194],"findings":[196],"underscore":[197],"importance":[199],"incorporating":[201],"both":[202],"cyclists'":[203],"perspectives":[204],"into":[207],"planning,":[209],"perceive":[212],"risk":[213],"differently":[214],"often":[216],"avoid":[217],"through":[219],"defensive":[220],"riding,":[221],"recorded":[226],"official":[228],"crash":[229],"statistics.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}