{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225302237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973327","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Drug Discovery and Pharmacy Practice: An Indian Perspective","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Drug Discovery and Pharmacy Practice: An Indian Perspective","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225302237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23973327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973327","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160900244","display_name":"Deshmukh Aarati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deshmukh Aarati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shri Ganpati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Tembhurni"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shri Ganpati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Tembhurni","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042813650","display_name":"Vidya Salunkhe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vidya Salunkhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shri Ganpati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Tembhurni"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shri Ganpati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Tembhurni","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160860651","display_name":"Ashwini Kamble","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwini Kamble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shri Ganpati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Tembhurni"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shri Ganpati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Tembhurni","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5015000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5015000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.4878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3002","display_name":"Drug Discovery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-drug-discovery","display_name":"artificial intelligence in drug discovery","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-pharmacy","display_name":"clinical pharmacy","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-screening","display_name":"virtual screening","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/de-novo-molecular-design","display_name":"de novo molecular design","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-repurposing","display_name":"drug repurposing","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/admet-prediction","display_name":"ADMET prediction","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-errors","display_name":"medication errors","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacovigilance","display_name":"pharmacovigilance","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-reconciliation","display_name":"medication reconciliation","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-ethics","display_name":"AI ethics","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-bias","display_name":"algorithmic bias","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-regulation","display_name":"AI regulation","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/responsible-ai-adoption","display_name":"responsible AI adoption","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"Indian pharmaceutical industry","score":0.734000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.703499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6937999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5662000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519536355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21021151","display_name":"Repurposing","level":2,"score":0.4975000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","level":2,"score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103637391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308921","display_name":"Drug repositioning","level":3,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781047461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679692","display_name":"Biopharmaceutical","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3604424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy practice","level":3,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178855305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmaceutical sciences","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984430287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186249","display_name":"Pharmaceutical technology","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155261790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122544","display_name":"DrugBank","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23973327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23973328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23973327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23973327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211907954","https://openalex.org/W4417493717","https://openalex.org/W7213623205","https://openalex.org/W4411062279","https://openalex.org/W7219512031","https://openalex.org/W7223689334","https://openalex.org/W7131822984","https://openalex.org/W7206188894","https://openalex.org/W7169718519","https://openalex.org/W4406302987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"and":[3,16,35,40,50,72,94,144,160,185,213,229,239],"machine":[4],"learning":[5],"(ML)":[6],"are":[7],"increasingly":[8],"being":[9],"incorporated":[10],"into":[11],"pharmaceutical":[12,135,146,240],"research,":[13,141],"drug":[14,20,70],"discovery":[15,39],"pharmacy":[17,76,110,238],"practice.":[18],"Conventional":[19],"development":[21,31],"is":[22,127],"constrained":[23],"by":[24],"complex":[25],"biology,":[26],"large":[27],"experimental":[28],"workloads,":[29],"lengthy":[30],"pathways,":[32],"high":[33],"expenditure":[34],"substantial":[36],"attrition":[37],"between":[38],"clinical":[41,49,89,109,121],"approval.":[42],"AI/ML":[43],"methods":[44],"can":[45,79],"analyse":[46],"chemical,":[47],"biological,":[48],"literature-derived":[51],"data":[52,214],"to":[53,157],"support":[54,80],"target":[55],"identification,":[56,87],"virtual":[57],"screening,":[58],"molecular":[59,64],"property":[60],"prediction,":[61,69],"de":[62],"novo":[63],"design,":[65],"lead":[66],"optimisation,":[67],"ADMET":[68],"repurposing":[71],"clinical-development":[73],"activities.":[74],"In":[75],"practice,":[77],"AI":[78,107,181,234],"medication":[81,92],"review,":[82],"drug\u2013drug":[83],"interaction":[84],"detection,":[85],"medication-error":[86],"pharmacovigilance,":[88],"decision":[90],"support,":[91],"reconciliation":[93],"patient-facing":[95],"digital":[96],"services.":[97],"Recent":[98],"evidence":[99],"also":[100],"indicates":[101],"a":[102,133],"rapidly":[103],"expanding":[104,139],"role":[105],"for":[106,180,232],"in":[108,162,182,236],"workflows,":[111],"although":[112],"most":[113],"applications":[114],"remain":[115],"decision-support":[116],"tools":[117],"rather":[118],"than":[119],"autonomous":[120],"systems.":[122],"[1\u20136]":[123],"The":[124,148],"Indian":[125,169,191,237],"context":[126,228],"especially":[128],"important":[129],"because":[130],"India":[131],"combines":[132],"major":[134,204],"manufacturing":[136],"base":[137],"with":[138,200],"biomedical":[140,183],"digital-health":[142],"infrastructure":[143],"government-supported":[145],"R&D.":[147],"Department":[149],"of":[150,171,190,196],"Pharmaceuticals":[151],"has":[152,175],"established":[153],"the":[154,163,168,221],"PRIP":[155],"scheme":[156],"promote":[158],"research":[159,184],"innovation":[161],"Pharma":[164],"MedTech":[165],"sector,":[166],"while":[167,203],"Council":[170],"Medical":[172],"Research":[173],"(ICMR)":[174],"issued":[176],"dedicated":[177],"ethical":[178,225],"guidance":[179],"healthcare.":[186],"A":[187],"recent":[188],"survey":[189],"pharmacologists":[192],"found":[193],"that":[194],"68.26%":[195],"respondents":[197],"were":[198],"familiar":[199],"AI/ML/deep":[201],"learning,":[202],"concerns":[205],"included":[206],"algorithmic":[207],"bias,":[208],"skill":[209],"loss,":[210],"job":[211],"displacement":[212],"security.":[215],"[7\u201310]":[216],"This":[217],"review":[218],"critically":[219],"examines":[220],"opportunities,":[222],"evidence,":[223],"limitations,":[224],"considerations,":[226],"regulatory":[227],"future":[230],"directions":[231],"responsible":[233],"adoption":[235],"science.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00"}