{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225274151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","title":"Proximate Composition of Unripe Musa paradisiaca (Plantain) Flour from Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria","display_name":"Proximate Composition of Unripe Musa paradisiaca (Plantain) Flour from Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225274151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","pdf_url":"https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/life-science/index.php/iijbs/article/download/214/185","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051446","display_name":"IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences","issn_l":"3115-5693","issn":["3115-5693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/life-science/index.php/iijbs/article/download/214/185","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027020509","display_name":"Timothy O. Oni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-2406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-2406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802029997","display_name":"Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku","ror":"https://ror.org/03j28nn17","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802029997"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy O. Oni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802029997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160680173","display_name":"Ajuwa-Itawansa Deborah Eriaborosan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802029997","display_name":"Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku","ror":"https://ror.org/03j28nn17","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802029997"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajuwa-Itawansa Deborah Eriaborosan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802029997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090048329","display_name":"Edward Chukwuemeke Destiny","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802029997","display_name":"Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku","ror":"https://ror.org/03j28nn17","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802029997"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward C. Destiny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802029997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160684336","display_name":"Eze Precious Nzube","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802029997","display_name":"Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku","ror":"https://ror.org/03j28nn17","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802029997"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eze Precious Nzube","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Applied Sciences, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802029997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802029997"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"332","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.8784000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.8784000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10140","display_name":"Food composition and properties","score":0.07970000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12795","display_name":"Banana Cultivation and Research","score":0.018799999728798866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unripe-plantain","display_name":"unripe plantain","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musa-paradisiaca","display_name":"Musa paradisiaca","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plantain-flour","display_name":"plantain flour","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximate-composition","display_name":"proximate composition","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutritional-composition","display_name":"nutritional composition","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture-content","display_name":"moisture content","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crude-protein","display_name":"crude protein","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crude-fat","display_name":"crude fat","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crude-fiber","display_name":"crude fiber","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrates","display_name":"carbohydrates","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storage-stability","display_name":"storage stability","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rancidity","display_name":"rancidity","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-sources","display_name":"energy sources","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778989076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10757112","display_name":"Musa \u00d7 paradisiaca","level":2,"score":0.7815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.7422999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778977261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11358","display_name":"Carbohydrate","level":2,"score":0.6891000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780539549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252857","display_name":"Proximate","level":2,"score":0.5153999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992741425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215210","display_name":"Dietary fiber","level":2,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019985465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249305","display_name":"Wheat flour","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149849071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263816","display_name":"Chemical composition","level":2,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49506","display_name":"Delta","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115930662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1689021","display_name":"Shelf life","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779249804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736427","display_name":"Staple food","level":3,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100817775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134219","display_name":"Polysaccharide","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776474821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83093","display_name":"Mushroom","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781003712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842175","display_name":"Ruminant","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","pdf_url":"https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/life-science/index.php/iijbs/article/download/214/185","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051446","display_name":"IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences","issn_l":"3115-5693","issn":["3115-5693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54117/iijbs.v6i3.214","pdf_url":"https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/life-science/index.php/iijbs/article/download/214/185","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051446","display_name":"IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences","issn_l":"3115-5693","issn":["3115-5693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225274151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225274151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1927149019","https://openalex.org/W2742156009","https://openalex.org/W1497228556","https://openalex.org/W2316622555","https://openalex.org/W7217049507","https://openalex.org/W4224298018","https://openalex.org/W1971949033","https://openalex.org/W4396572178","https://openalex.org/W7125927424","https://openalex.org/W7220246042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plantain":[0],"(Musa":[1],"paradisiaca)":[2],"represents":[3],"a":[4,107],"significant":[5],"staple":[6],"crop":[7],"cultivated":[8],"and":[9,45,69,80,114,121,136],"consumed":[10],"globally.":[11],"This":[12],"study":[13],"evaluated":[14],"the":[15,53,86],"nutritional":[16,126],"composition":[17],"of":[18,129],"flour":[19,104],"produced":[20],"from":[21,25],"unripe":[22,102],"plantain":[23,103],"sourced":[24],"Ogwashi-Uku,":[26],"Delta":[27],"State,":[28],"Nigeria.":[29],"Standard":[30],"analytical":[31],"protocols":[32],"were":[33],"employed":[34],"to":[35,93],"quantify":[36],"moisture,":[37],"ash,":[38],"crude":[39,41,43,60,63,66],"protein,":[40],"fat,":[42],"fiber,":[44],"carbohydrate":[46,70,98],"(determined":[47],"by":[48],"difference).":[49],"The":[50,72,96,111],"analysis":[51],"revealed":[52],"following":[54],"composition:":[55],"moisture":[56,74],"(7.82%),":[57],"ash":[58],"(4.47%),":[59],"protein":[61,113,119],"(4.12%),":[62],"fat":[64,88],"(1.22%),":[65],"fiber":[67,115],"(0.18%),":[68],"(82.19%).":[71],"reduced":[73],"level":[75],"suggests":[76],"enhanced":[77],"shelf":[78],"stability":[79],"diminished":[81],"microbial":[82],"deterioration":[83],"risk,":[84],"whereas":[85],"minimal":[87],"content":[89],"indicates":[90],"low":[91],"susceptibility":[92],"oxidative":[94],"rancidity.":[95],"elevated":[97],"fraction":[99],"confirms":[100],"that":[101],"serves":[105],"as":[106],"concentrated":[108],"energy":[109],"source.":[110],"limited":[112],"concentrations":[116],"indicate":[117],"modest":[118],"contribution":[120],"high":[122],"digestibility.":[123],"For":[124],"optimal":[125],"balance,":[127],"incorporation":[128],"protein-rich":[130],"ingredients":[131],"is":[132],"advised":[133],"in":[134],"food":[135],"feed":[137],"applications.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}