{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225274037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867261501498","title":"Signage Design and Wayfinding in Chinese Eldercare: Delphi and Structural Equation Modeling","display_name":"Signage Design and Wayfinding in Chinese Eldercare: Delphi and Structural Equation Modeling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225274037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867261501498","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42978335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/19375867261501498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867261501498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867261501498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217249","display_name":"HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal","issn_l":"1937-5867","issn":["1937-5867","2167-5112"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130888912","display_name":"Yiqun Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4788-8964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4788-8964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104151","display_name":"Shangdong Agriculture and Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px1ve30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104151"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqun Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Art College of Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4788-8964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Art College of Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138423501","display_name":"Zhendong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5820-3475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5820-3475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252488","display_name":"Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01s6b8920","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252488"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5820-3475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144095695","display_name":"Xianfeng Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-8095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-8095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271820","display_name":"Jiaxing Nanhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/033zv7b52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271820"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianfeng Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiaxing Nanhu University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-8095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiaxing Nanhu University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153688265","display_name":"Chuanchao Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanchao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Jinan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jinan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110725439","display_name":"Heng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9405-1792","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9405-1792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252488","display_name":"Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01s6b8920","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252488"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9405-1792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Vocational University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252488"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5138423501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405252488"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87334909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"19375867261501498","last_page":"19375867261501498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.5088000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.5088000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.4083999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11376","display_name":"Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes","score":0.04039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signage-design","display_name":"signage design","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wayfinding","display_name":"wayfinding","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cognition","display_name":"visual cognition","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphorical-design","display_name":"metaphorical design","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participatory-interaction","display_name":"participatory interaction","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/person-environment-fit","display_name":"person-environment fit","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multisensory-design","display_name":"multisensory design","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-centered-design","display_name":"user-centered design","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-autonomy","display_name":"spatial autonomy","score":0.6499999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.6775000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114938261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211272","display_name":"Signage","level":2,"score":0.6761000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5216000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60641444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602","display_name":"Delphi method","level":2,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4583103","display_name":"Preparedness","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777455480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038171","display_name":"Participatory design","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191431","display_name":"Mandala","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53371666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778408","display_name":"Need for cognition","level":3,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194541083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457174","display_name":"Workaround","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105842133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899679","display_name":"Visual communication","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779495148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487378","display_name":"Delphi","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/19375867261501498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867261501498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19375867261501498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217249","display_name":"HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal","issn_l":"1937-5867","issn":["1937-5867","2167-5112"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42978335","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42978335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HERD","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7246000170707703,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1204404493","https://openalex.org/W1644143258","https://openalex.org/W1963879048","https://openalex.org/W1991535090","https://openalex.org/W2003033699","https://openalex.org/W2015751845","https://openalex.org/W2029782148","https://openalex.org/W2036614593","https://openalex.org/W2057430215","https://openalex.org/W2078140195","https://openalex.org/W2105381698","https://openalex.org/W2105846236","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2130892515","https://openalex.org/W2139510281","https://openalex.org/W2223470559","https://openalex.org/W2336475585","https://openalex.org/W2485776049","https://openalex.org/W2532388236","https://openalex.org/W2619872874","https://openalex.org/W2733328613","https://openalex.org/W2736411237","https://openalex.org/W2783159461","https://openalex.org/W2905387774","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2945470958","https://openalex.org/W2955829435","https://openalex.org/W2987444565","https://openalex.org/W2995831286","https://openalex.org/W2996410719","https://openalex.org/W3011114467","https://openalex.org/W3089238477","https://openalex.org/W3145395843","https://openalex.org/W3164606141","https://openalex.org/W3170226289","https://openalex.org/W3199828201","https://openalex.org/W4206017297","https://openalex.org/W4285394329","https://openalex.org/W4295346022","https://openalex.org/W4318777453","https://openalex.org/W4381986063","https://openalex.org/W4387798222","https://openalex.org/W7133948648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307551238","https://openalex.org/W7070761586","https://openalex.org/W4383999026","https://openalex.org/W7165537066","https://openalex.org/W2612219869","https://openalex.org/W4405784258","https://openalex.org/W7198371639","https://openalex.org/W7220324869","https://openalex.org/W2546894015","https://openalex.org/W2967198850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,37,71,89,123,136,223],"examine":[5],"how":[6],"three":[7,130],"signage":[8,50,131,191],"design":[9,132,162,195],"dimensions\u2014visual":[10],"cognition,":[11],"metaphorical":[12,161,203],"design,":[13],"and":[14,40,67,73,91,170,200,209,220,227],"participatory":[15,171],"interaction\u2014influence":[16],"the":[17,93,125,149,184],"perceived":[18,142],"wayfinding":[19,60,143,211],"experience":[20,144],"quality":[21,229],"of":[22,186,230],"older":[23,34,105],"adults.":[24],"Background":[25],"Navigating":[26],"complex":[27],"eldercare":[28,110],"facilities":[29],"poses":[30],"significant":[31,138],"challenges":[32],"for":[33,218],"adults":[35],"due":[36],"age-related":[38],"sensory":[39],"cognitive":[41,68],"decline.":[42],"Grounded":[43],"in":[44,108,232],"Person\u2013Environment":[45],"(P\u2013E)":[46],"Fit":[47],"Theory,":[48],"effective":[49],"can":[51,205],"serve":[52],"as":[53],"a":[54,82,97],"critical":[55],"environmental":[56],"support.":[57],"However,":[58],"existing":[59],"systems":[61],"often":[62],"overlook":[63],"users\u2019":[64],"perceptual":[65],"needs":[66],"limitations,":[69],"contributing":[70],"disorientation":[72],"social":[74],"isolation.":[75],"Methods":[76],"A":[77],"modified":[78],"Delphi":[79],"method":[80],"involving":[81],"multidisciplinary":[83],"expert":[84],"panel":[85],"was":[86,101],"first":[87],"employed":[88],"develop":[90],"validate":[92],"measurement":[94],"scale.":[95],"Subsequently,":[96],"cross-sectional":[98],"questionnaire":[99],"survey":[100],"conducted":[102],"with":[103,141],"357":[104],"adult":[106],"residents":[107],"Chinese":[109],"facilities.":[111],"The":[112,181],"data":[113],"were":[114,134],"analyzed":[115],"using":[116],"partial":[117],"least":[118],"squares":[119],"structural":[120],"equation":[121],"modeling":[122],"evaluate":[124],"proposed":[126],"relationships.":[127],"Results":[128],"All":[129],"dimensions":[133],"found":[135],"have":[137],"positive":[139],"associations":[140],"quality.":[145],"Visual":[146],"cognition":[147],"demonstrated":[148],"strongest":[150],"association":[151],"(":[152,163,173],"\u03b2":[153,164,174],"=":[154,157,165,168,175,178],"0.494,":[155],"p":[156,167,177],".000),":[158],"followed":[159],"by":[160],"0.212,":[166],".002)":[169],"interaction":[172],"0.164,":[176],".016).":[179],"Conclusions":[180],"findings":[182],"highlight":[183],"importance":[185],"moving":[187],"beyond":[188],"purely":[189],"functional":[190],"toward":[192],"user-centered,":[193],"multi-sensory":[194],"approaches.":[196],"Prioritizing":[197],"visual-cognitive":[198],"clarity":[199],"culturally":[201],"meaningful":[202],"elements":[204],"improve":[206,228],"P\u2013E":[207],"fit":[208],"optimize":[210],"experiences.":[212],"These":[213],"insights":[214],"offer":[215],"practical":[216],"implications":[217],"architects":[219],"facility":[221],"managers":[222],"support":[224],"spatial":[225],"autonomy":[226],"life":[231],"aging":[233],"populations.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}