{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225266736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213644","title":"Automatic Detection of Dental Implant Brands and Exposure Status Using Deep Learning on Periapical Radiographs","display_name":"Automatic Detection of Dental Implant Brands and Exposure Status Using Deep Learning on Periapical Radiographs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225266736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16213644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213644","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134028885","display_name":"Chih-Hao Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9718-5469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9718-5469","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5479-1642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Hao Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9718-5469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011619587","display_name":"Yi-Cheng Mao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093734","display_name":"Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fk9d670","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093734"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Cheng Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Operative Dentistry, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333008, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333008, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138838075","display_name":"Chien-Yu Sung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3985-1788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3985-1788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Yu Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102131361","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Kai Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2397-3672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2397-3672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Kai Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070273353","display_name":"Kuo-Chen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-5491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-5491"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kuo-Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-5491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104176657","display_name":"Yuan-Jin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2429-4143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2429-4143"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Jin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Program on Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701401, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2429-4143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program on Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025762419","display_name":"Shih\u2010Lun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-9350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-9350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Lun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan","Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-9350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056890537","display_name":"Da-Wei Hsu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da-Wei Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014438110","display_name":"Tsung\u2010Yi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5964-6084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5964-6084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Yi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung City 407102, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5964-6084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung City 407102, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020307002","display_name":"Patricia Angela R. Abu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-6644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-6644"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19722","display_name":"Ateneo de Manila University","ror":"https://ror.org/053kevk63","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19722"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Angela R. Abu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ateneo Laboratory for Intelligent Visual Environments, Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-6644","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ateneo Laboratory for Intelligent Visual Environments, Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103325381","display_name":"Wei\u2010Chen Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-5859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-5859"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Chen Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701401, Taiwan","Program on Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701401, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-5859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program on Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153311563","display_name":"Jia-Ching Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Ching Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011619587","https://openalex.org/A5070273353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077","https://openalex.org/I4210093734"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88088243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"3644","last_page":"3644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10359","display_name":"Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-implants","display_name":"dental implants","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periapical-radiographs","display_name":"periapical radiography","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implant-detection","display_name":"implant detection","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yolov8","display_name":"YOLOv8","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficientnet-b3","display_name":"EfficientNetB3","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781411149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486975","display_name":"Implant","level":2,"score":0.6877999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6668000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780338112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143680","display_name":"Dental implant","level":3,"score":0.5914000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3937999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16213644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/diagnostics16213644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172076","display_name":"Diagnostics","issn_l":"2075-4418","issn":["2075-4418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991895464","https://openalex.org/W2065921146","https://openalex.org/W2117524039","https://openalex.org/W2165269154","https://openalex.org/W2268875920","https://openalex.org/W2301758854","https://openalex.org/W3035765134","https://openalex.org/W3164800460","https://openalex.org/W4205881022","https://openalex.org/W4210598935","https://openalex.org/W4284973783","https://openalex.org/W4288052134","https://openalex.org/W4290564976","https://openalex.org/W4292413456","https://openalex.org/W4310699670","https://openalex.org/W4311676903","https://openalex.org/W4312221243","https://openalex.org/W4322755175","https://openalex.org/W4360825340","https://openalex.org/W4378222500","https://openalex.org/W4390585627","https://openalex.org/W4398185262","https://openalex.org/W4399700728","https://openalex.org/W4403903854","https://openalex.org/W4409372575","https://openalex.org/W4410243453","https://openalex.org/W4411867914","https://openalex.org/W4413401827","https://openalex.org/W4416295462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410243453","https://openalex.org/W7211920019","https://openalex.org/W7165138841","https://openalex.org/W4416769646","https://openalex.org/W4403790852","https://openalex.org/W4412105699","https://openalex.org/W7204875821","https://openalex.org/W4414556937","https://openalex.org/W7171546753","https://openalex.org/W7203776718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Dental":[1],"implant":[2,21,65,79,98,113,159,166,196,249,274],"technology":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"the":[6,158,163,173,200,211,236],"primary":[7],"treatment":[8],"modality":[9],"for":[10,246],"managing":[11],"tooth":[12],"loss":[13],"in":[14,35,58,64,157,199],"current":[15],"clinical":[16,25,39,205,270,279],"practice.":[17],"Accurate":[18],"identification":[19],"of":[20,91,133,141,150,155,165,179,220,241],"brands":[22,80,250],"and":[23,38,50,82,84,115,128,152,168,239,251,268],"their":[24],"exposure":[26,86,169,252],"status":[27,253],"have":[28],"increasingly":[29],"emerged":[30],"as":[31],"a":[32,131,138,148,153,203,242],"critical":[33],"issue":[34],"implant-related":[36],"research":[37],"diagnosis.":[40],"Conventional":[41],"approaches":[42],"that":[43],"rely":[44],"on":[45,137,208,265],"clinicians\u2019":[46],"experience":[47],"are":[48],"time-consuming":[49],"may":[51],"lead":[52],"to":[53,56],"misclassification":[54],"due":[55],"variations":[57],"image":[59],"quality":[60],"or":[61],"subtle":[62],"differences":[63],"design":[66],"features":[67],"across":[68,121,187,272],"brands.":[69],"Methods:":[70],"This":[71,233],"single-center":[72],"study":[73,234],"classified":[74],"six":[75],"categories":[76],"combining":[77],"two":[78],"(3i":[81],"Xive)":[83],"three":[85,134],"statuses.":[87],"A":[88],"retrospective":[89],"cohort":[90],"497":[92],"patients":[93],"(708":[94],"periapical":[95],"radiographs,":[96],"928":[97],"instances)":[99],"was":[100,119],"partitioned":[101],"using":[102,125],"an":[103,177],"8:1:1":[104],"stratified":[105],"ratio":[106],"with":[107,176],"strict":[108],"patient-level":[109],"independence.":[110],"Following":[111],"YOLOv8-based":[112],"localization":[114],"ROI":[116],"extraction,":[117],"classification":[118,164,197],"evaluated":[120],"deep":[122,243],"learning":[123,244],"backbones":[124],"5-fold":[126,188],"cross-validation":[127],"compared":[129],"against":[130],"panel":[132],"dental":[135,248],"specialists":[136],"test":[139],"set":[140],"8":[142],"complex":[143],"cases.":[144],"Results:":[145],"YOLOv8":[146],"achieved":[147,172],"precision":[149],"99.39%":[151],"sensitivity":[154],"98.63%":[156],"detection":[160],"task.":[161],"For":[162],"brand":[167],"status,":[170],"EfficientNet-B3":[171],"best":[174],"performance":[175,193],"accuracy":[178],"99.18":[180],"\u00b1":[181],"0.85%":[182],"(95%":[183],"CI:":[184],"[94.20%,":[185],"100.00%])":[186],"cross-validation,":[189],"demonstrating":[190],"competitive":[191],"diagnostic":[192],"alongside":[194,229],"existing":[195],"benchmarks":[198],"literature.":[201],"In":[202],"preliminary":[204,260],"feasibility":[206,238],"assessment":[207],"representative":[209],"cases,":[210],"framework":[212,245],"demonstrated":[213],"rapid":[214],"algorithmic":[215],"inference":[216,218],"(mean":[217],"time":[219],"36.18":[221],"ms":[222],"per":[223],"image),":[224],"providing":[225],"instant":[226],"decision-support":[227,261],"potential":[228],"participating":[230],"clinicians.":[231],"Conclusions:":[232],"demonstrates":[235],"technical":[237],"proof-of-concept":[240],"identifying":[247],"under":[254],"robust":[255],"internal":[256],"validation.":[257],"While":[258],"offering":[259],"potential,":[262],"external":[263],"validation":[264],"multi-center":[266],"cohorts":[267],"prospective":[269],"trials":[271],"expanded":[273],"systems":[275],"remain":[276],"necessary":[277],"before":[278],"implementation.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}