{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225264515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","title":"Consumer continuous glucose monitoring uncovers hidden metabolic risk in free-living adults without diabetes","display_name":"Consumer continuous glucose monitoring uncovers hidden metabolic risk in free-living adults without diabetes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225264515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/04/2026.11.03.26367126.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/04/2026.11.03.26367126.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160586489","display_name":"Paul Ginart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9535-5268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9535-5268"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Ginart","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9535-5268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021186956","display_name":"Michael A. Loesche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-0138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-0138"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A Loesche","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-0138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLC","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160586489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.06379999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-glucose-monitoring","display_name":"continuous glucose monitoring","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondiabetic-adults","display_name":"non-diabetic adults","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-risk","display_name":"metabolic risk","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/average-glucose","display_name":"average glucose","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglycerides","display_name":"triglycerides","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uric-acid","display_name":"uric acid","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-insulin","display_name":"fasting insulin","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health","display_name":"digital health","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.8291000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780988686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14375936","display_name":"Hyperinsulinemia","level":4,"score":0.7116000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.7038000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6223999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986379492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638492","display_name":"Continuous glucose monitoring","level":4,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777368190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477390","display_name":"Hyperinsulinism","level":4,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779881121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105522","display_name":"Uric acid","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908918659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927806","display_name":"Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring","level":5,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018380654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572348","display_name":"Fasting glucose","level":4,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778977261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11358","display_name":"Carbohydrate","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778917026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43041","display_name":"Hemoglobin","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780485761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275157","display_name":"Blood sugar","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780352109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728309","display_name":"Pancreatic hormone","level":4,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/04/2026.11.03.26367126.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.03.26367126","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/11/04/2026.11.03.26367126.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225264515.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225264515.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035121816","https://openalex.org/W4417535107","https://openalex.org/W4310537781","https://openalex.org/W2948958997","https://openalex.org/W7202162230","https://openalex.org/W7106854621","https://openalex.org/W7218309131","https://openalex.org/W7148692143","https://openalex.org/W4366239178","https://openalex.org/W7220675834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Whether":[0],"continuous":[1],"glucose":[2,42,111],"monitoring":[3],"(CGM)":[4],"provides":[5],"actionable":[6],"information":[7],"in":[8,85,153],"adults":[9,35,154],"without":[10,56,155],"diabetes":[11,20,57],"is":[12],"contested,":[13],"as":[14,107],"its":[15],"metrics":[16],"were":[17],"designed":[18],"for":[19,150],"and":[21,70,133],"screening":[22],"relies":[23],"on":[24,36],"HbA":[25,76,96],"1c":[26,77,97],".":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"cross-sectional":[30],"study":[31],"of":[32],"62,122":[33],"free-living":[34],"the":[37,44,119],"Levels":[38],"digital-health":[39],"platform,":[40],"average":[41,110,121],"was":[43,105],"most":[45],"reliable":[46],"measure":[47],"across":[48],"weeks":[49],"(intraclass":[50],"correlation":[51],"0.747).":[52],"Among":[53],"7,930":[54],"participants":[55],"with":[58],"laboratory":[59],"data,":[60],"it":[61],"tracked":[62,129],"insulin":[63,87,102,130,143],"resistance,":[64,131],"triglycerides,":[65,132],"HDL":[66],"cholesterol,":[67],"uric":[68],"acid,":[69],"C-reactive":[71,134],"protein":[72],"more":[73,83],"closely":[74],"than":[75],",":[78,98],"explaining":[79],"nearly":[80],"three":[81],"times":[82],"variance":[84],"fasting":[86],"(R":[88],"2":[89],"0.131":[90],"vs":[91,115],"0.048).":[92],"With":[93],"a":[94,148],"normal":[95],"occult":[99],"hyperinsulinemia":[100],"(fasting":[101],"\u226510":[103],"\u00b5IU/mL)":[104],"twice":[106],"common":[108],"at":[109,118],"\u2265110":[112],"mg/dL":[113],"(27.5%":[114],"12.6%).":[116],"Counterintuitively,":[117],"same":[120],"glucose,":[122],"spike":[123],"width,":[124],"not":[125,141],"height":[126],"or":[127],"frequency,":[128],"protein;":[135],"carbohydrate":[136],"sensitivity,":[137],"although":[138],"reliable,":[139],"did":[140],"track":[142],"resistance.":[144],"This":[145],"analysis":[146],"suggests":[147],"framework":[149],"interpreting":[151],"CGM":[152],"diabetes.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}