{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225263085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216967","title":"Two-Photodetector In-Phase and Quadrature Demodulation Interferometer Scheme Using Temporally Shifted Differential Signals","display_name":"Two-Photodetector In-Phase and Quadrature Demodulation Interferometer Scheme Using Temporally Shifted Differential Signals","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225263085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26216967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216967","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014011740","display_name":"J. Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-0079","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-0079"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"June Gyu Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-0079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160627660","display_name":"Kyuman Cho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyuman Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5160627660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74959942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"21","first_page":"6967","last_page":"6967"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.5092999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.5092999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.10029999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.07509999722242355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homodyne-interferometry","display_name":"homodyne interferometry","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/i-q-demodulation","display_name":"I/Q demodulation","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-shot-noise","display_name":"photon noise","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-averaging","display_name":"time averaging","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodic-modulation","display_name":"periodic modulation","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-phase-measurement","display_name":"optical phase measurement","score":0.5740000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26351279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227627","display_name":"Direct-conversion receiver","level":3,"score":0.8003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.7024000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.680400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778184138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1626181","display_name":"Homodyne detection","level":2,"score":0.6611999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6194999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017413879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185553","display_name":"Phase difference","level":3,"score":0.6025000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5857999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5792999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5691999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110086884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085341","display_name":"Phase detector","level":3,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778465081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275356","display_name":"Differential phase","level":3,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203597036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238887","display_name":"Local oscillator","level":3,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26216967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26216967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321314","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1870378707","https://openalex.org/W1974144145","https://openalex.org/W1980093264","https://openalex.org/W2005566427","https://openalex.org/W2022361921","https://openalex.org/W2043311063","https://openalex.org/W2055420979","https://openalex.org/W2059323718","https://openalex.org/W2072588726","https://openalex.org/W2079671637","https://openalex.org/W2134443220","https://openalex.org/W2603814279","https://openalex.org/W2906289802","https://openalex.org/W4213030910","https://openalex.org/W4392237725","https://openalex.org/W4393332499","https://openalex.org/W4401435505","https://openalex.org/W4402748950","https://openalex.org/W4403722074","https://openalex.org/W4405737876","https://openalex.org/W4409172899","https://openalex.org/W4411029775","https://openalex.org/W4411549855","https://openalex.org/W4413165767","https://openalex.org/W4413969433","https://openalex.org/W4416300437","https://openalex.org/W4416664846","https://openalex.org/W7164813845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097261613","https://openalex.org/W4205681355","https://openalex.org/W1969099310","https://openalex.org/W7096035427","https://openalex.org/W2312619699","https://openalex.org/W2933513629","https://openalex.org/W6983834549","https://openalex.org/W2075539562","https://openalex.org/W2160381649","https://openalex.org/W2076187346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Four":[0],"photodetectors,":[1,42],"two":[2,14,41],"in":[3,15,124,148],"the":[4,47,58,66,76,79,82,87,91,99,110,115,125,128,136,143,149,158,175,180],"balanced":[5],"homodyne":[6,27,35],"detector":[7],"for":[8,17,24,39,44,49,54,101,178],"in-phase":[9],"(I)":[10],"channel":[11,20],"measurements":[12],"and":[13,46,81],"that":[16,109,123],"quadrature":[18],"(Q)":[19],"measurements,":[21,51],"are":[22,52,72],"needed":[23],"a":[25,33,132],"conventional":[26],"I/Q":[28,36,55,102],"interferometer.":[29],"Here,":[30],"we":[31],"present":[32],"new":[34],"interferometer":[37],"scheme":[38],"which":[40,166],"one":[43],"I-channel":[45],"other":[48],"Q-channel":[50],"used":[53],"demodulation":[56],"of":[57,127,131],"interference":[59,92],"signal.":[60,85,182],"The":[61],"DC":[62],"bias":[63],"terms":[64],"on":[65,90],"output":[67],"signal":[68,80,93],"from":[69],"each":[70],"photodetector":[71],"rejected":[73],"by":[74,97,114],"taking":[75],"difference":[77,138,181],"between":[78],"temporally":[83],"shifted":[84],"Then":[86],"induced":[88],"phase":[89,103,137,156,159],"can":[94,160],"be":[95,107,161],"measured":[96],"using":[98],"algorithm":[100],"demodulation.":[104],"It":[105],"will":[106,120],"shown":[108],"sensitivity":[111],"is":[112,153],"limited":[113],"corresponding":[116,144],"photon":[117,145],"noise.":[118],"We":[119],"also":[121,173],"show":[122],"vicinity":[126],"turning":[129],"points":[130],"periodic":[133],"modulation,":[134],"where":[135,151],"may":[139],"become":[140],"smaller":[141],"than":[142],"noise,":[146],"or":[147],"region":[150],"there":[152],"no":[154],"measurable":[155],"change":[157],"calculated":[162],"through":[163],"temporal":[164],"averaging,":[165],"not":[167],"only":[168],"removes":[169],"high-frequency":[170],"noises":[171],"but":[172],"increases":[174],"time":[176],"delay":[177],"obtaining":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}
