{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225256797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2026-0326","title":"From kernel to consumer: bridging molecular breeding and nutritional delivery in provitamin A maize through the delivered retinol activity equivalents (dRAE) framework","display_name":"From kernel to consumer: bridging molecular breeding and nutritional delivery in provitamin A maize through the delivered retinol activity equivalents (dRAE) framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225256797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2026-0326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/nfs-07-2026-0326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2026-0326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2026-0326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65201940","display_name":"Nutrition & Food Science","issn_l":"0034-6659","issn":["0034-6659","1758-6917"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrition &amp; Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110700174","display_name":"Shivakumar Ravichandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1552-1314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1552-1314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivakumar Ravichandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1552-1314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004310665","display_name":"B. Mohanapriya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-4238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-4238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanapriya Balamurugan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-4238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058965818","display_name":"Mohammad Reda Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-9661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-9661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165448","display_name":"Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hcacp57","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165448"]}],"countries":["EG","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reda Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore, , and Maize Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-9661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore, , and Maize Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695","https://openalex.org/I4210165448"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095737732","display_name":"S Sivakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-5101","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-5101"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivakumar Subbarayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, , Coimbatore,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-5101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, , Coimbatore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110580814","display_name":"M. Karuppasami Kalarani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0640-3241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0640-3241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalarani Muthusami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Directorate of Crop Management, , Coimbatore,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0640-3241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Directorate of Crop Management, , Coimbatore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086394082","display_name":"A. Senthil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6438-8935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6438-8935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senthil Alagarsamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Crop Physiology, , Coimbatore,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6438-8935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Crop Physiology, , Coimbatore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007149602","display_name":"S Geethanjali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1278-6740","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1278-6740"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geetanjali Subramaniam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1278-6740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039343052","display_name":"Sampathrajan Vellaikumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-457X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-457X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vellaikumar Sampathrajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-457X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009519064","display_name":"Adhimoolam Karthikeyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-5597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-5597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83202590","display_name":"Jeju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hnb4n85","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83202590"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthikeyan Aadhimoolam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jeju National University Subtropical Horticultural Research Institute, , Jeju-si,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-5597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jeju National University Subtropical Horticultural Research Institute, , Jeju-si,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83202590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012540525","display_name":"N. Senthil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-0715","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-0715"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134900695","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fs90r60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Senthil Natesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-0715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, , Coimbatore,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012540525"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134900695"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83088986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provitamin-a-maize","display_name":"provitamin A maize","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofortified-maize","display_name":"biofortified maize","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-a-deficiency","display_name":"vitamin A deficiency","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-carotene","display_name":"beta-carotene","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotenoid-bioavailability","display_name":"carotenoid bioavailability","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotenoid-biosynthesis-genes","display_name":"carotenoid biosynthesis genes","score":0.7459999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181389837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809","display_name":"Bioavailability","level":2,"score":0.8277999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28781525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191907","display_name":"Carotenoid","level":2,"score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780074830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864423","display_name":"Bioconversion","level":3,"score":0.5985999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.5900999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864310","display_name":"Biofortification","level":3,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781223905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423960","display_name":"Provitamin","level":3,"score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778129702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2655893","display_name":"Vitamin A deficiency","level":4,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779573558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424976","display_name":"Retinol","level":3,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14522933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531507","display_name":"Micronutrient","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018122547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690813","display_name":"Health benefits","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421074","display_name":"Amaranth","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780022331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Vitamin C","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/nfs-07-2026-0326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2026-0326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2026-0326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65201940","display_name":"Nutrition & Food Science","issn_l":"0034-6659","issn":["0034-6659","1758-6917"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrition &amp; Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W955324245","https://openalex.org/W1918455679","https://openalex.org/W1968649812","https://openalex.org/W1980620902","https://openalex.org/W1988327094","https://openalex.org/W1993892996","https://openalex.org/W2003098216","https://openalex.org/W2031841411","https://openalex.org/W2039103629","https://openalex.org/W2043546116","https://openalex.org/W2044711113","https://openalex.org/W2049084028","https://openalex.org/W2051869182","https://openalex.org/W2074291593","https://openalex.org/W2083249838","https://openalex.org/W2097967310","https://openalex.org/W2098002290","https://openalex.org/W2108193798","https://openalex.org/W2108667765","https://openalex.org/W2117055393","https://openalex.org/W2119070323","https://openalex.org/W2124390519","https://openalex.org/W2125969907","https://openalex.org/W2132818478","https://openalex.org/W2144772076","https://openalex.org/W2145131718","https://openalex.org/W2158231545","https://openalex.org/W2162212323","https://openalex.org/W2166446169","https://openalex.org/W2169809848","https://openalex.org/W2320507038","https://openalex.org/W2359506173","https://openalex.org/W2586627114","https://openalex.org/W2598540049","https://openalex.org/W2603928926","https://openalex.org/W2767148550","https://openalex.org/W2794330043","https://openalex.org/W2794358827","https://openalex.org/W2908886341","https://openalex.org/W2910687984","https://openalex.org/W3008518706","https://openalex.org/W3019768471","https://openalex.org/W3092966981","https://openalex.org/W3095886054","https://openalex.org/W3115614772","https://openalex.org/W3135360876","https://openalex.org/W3213769787","https://openalex.org/W4220973058","https://openalex.org/W4221053072","https://openalex.org/W4281254428","https://openalex.org/W4285739911","https://openalex.org/W4386727802","https://openalex.org/W4387298406","https://openalex.org/W4388337229","https://openalex.org/W4389547384","https://openalex.org/W4390461278","https://openalex.org/W7117136296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901838433","https://openalex.org/W2051869182","https://openalex.org/W2320507038","https://openalex.org/W10568816","https://openalex.org/W3092966981","https://openalex.org/W2906310566","https://openalex.org/W2910687984","https://openalex.org/W3087609670","https://openalex.org/W1988735454","https://openalex.org/W3168820134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,206,252],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,86,105,231],"this":[4],"review":[5],"is":[6],"to":[7,30,71,113,124,187,198,263],"examine":[8],"how":[9],"provitamin":[10],"A":[11,27,43,61,74,98,165,229,237],"accumulation":[12],"in":[13,54,194,200],"maize,":[14],"post-harvest":[15,91,218,247],"retention,":[16,135,219,248],"food":[17],"processing,":[18,117],"carotenoid":[19,89,134,148,157,183,245],"bioavailability":[20,136,220,249],"and":[21,29,93,108,119,137,153,172,177,185,221,250],"host-specific":[22],"bioconversion":[23,222],"collectively":[24],"influence":[25,182],"vitamin":[26,73,97,164,228,236],"delivery,":[28],"propose":[31,254],"the":[32,83,226],"delivered":[33],"retinol":[34],"activity":[35],"equivalent":[36],"(dRAE)":[37],"framework":[38,208],"for":[39,214],"scenariobased":[40],"assessment.":[41],"Vitamin":[42],"deficiency":[44],"(VAD)":[45],"remains":[46],"a":[47,67,210,255],"major":[48],"global":[49],"public":[50],"health":[51],"problem,":[52],"particularly":[53,192],"populations":[55],"reliant":[56],"on":[57,82,131,243],"staple-based":[58],"diets.":[59],"Provitamin":[60],"(PVA)-biofortified":[62],"maize":[63,115,241],"has":[64,142],"emerged":[65],"as":[66],"sustainable":[68],"food-based":[69],"intervention":[70],"improve":[72],"intake.":[75],"Design/methodology/approach":[76],"This":[77],"study":[78],"integrates":[79],"current":[80],"knowledge":[81],"molecular":[84],"basis":[85],"PVA":[87,114,132],"accumulation,":[88],"stability,":[90],"retention":[92],"host":[94],"factors":[95,266],"affecting":[96],"utilization.":[99],"Literature":[100],"was":[101,122],"collected":[102],"from":[103,239],"Web":[104],"Science,":[106],"Scopus":[107],"PubMed":[109],"using":[110],"keywords":[111],"related":[112],"breeding,":[116],"storage":[118],"bioavailability.":[120],"Priority":[121],"given":[123],"recent":[125],"peer-reviewed":[126],"high-quality":[127],"studies":[128],"reporting":[129],"evidence":[130],"concentration,":[133,246],"bioconversion.":[138,251],"Findings":[139],"Molecular":[140],"breeding":[141],"increased":[143],"kernel":[144,156,244],"\u00df-carotene":[145,201],"through":[146],"key":[147],"pathway":[149],"genes,":[150],"including":[151],"lcyE":[152],"crtRB1.":[154],"However,":[155],"concentration":[158],"alone":[159],"does":[160],"not":[161],"ensure":[162],"effective":[163],"delivery.":[166],"Post-harvest":[167],"degradation":[168],"during":[169],"storage,":[170],"processing":[171],"cooking,":[173],"together":[174,223],"with":[175],"dietary":[176],"physiological":[178],"factors,":[179],"can":[180],"substantially":[181],"availability":[184],"conversion":[186,202],"retinol.":[188],"Host":[189],"genetic":[190],"variability,":[191],"polymorphisms":[193],"BCMO1,":[195],"further":[196],"contributes":[197],"differences":[199],"efficiency.":[203],"Practical":[204],"implications":[205],"dRAE":[207],"provides":[209],"conceptual,":[211],"scenario-based":[212],"approach":[213],"considering":[215],"crop":[216],"composition,":[217],"when":[224],"evaluating":[225],"potential":[227],"contribution":[230],"PVA-biofortified":[232,240],"maize.":[233],"Originality/value":[234],"Effective":[235],"delivery":[238],"depends":[242],"authors":[253],"delivery-oriented":[256],"framework,":[257],"Delivered":[258],"Retinol":[259],"Activity":[260],"Equivalent":[261],"(dRAE),":[262],"integrate":[264],"these":[265],"under":[267],"specified":[268],"conditions.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}
