{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225256536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm50123","title":"Carotid Plaque Score: A Useful Tool or Futile Gadget for Risk Assessment? An Update","display_name":"Carotid Plaque Score: A Useful Tool or Futile Gadget for Risk Assessment? An Update","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225256536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm50123","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42985038","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13732675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31083/rcm50123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm50123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm50123","pdf_url":"https://storage.imrpress.com/IMR/2113453944386592800/application/2153-8174-27-10-50123.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140574793","display_name":"Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine","issn_l":"1530-6550","issn":["1530-6550","2153-8174"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322753","host_organization_name":"IMR Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IMR Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://storage.imrpress.com/IMR/2113453944386592800/application/2153-8174-27-10-50123.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023303343","display_name":"David Sulman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-1324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-1324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121705","display_name":"Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh9a093","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210121705"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Sulman","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACTION Study Group, Inserm UMRS1166, Heart Institute, Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-1324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACTION Study Group, Inserm UMRS1166, Heart Institute, Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210121705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012032529","display_name":"Stefano Cacciatore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Cacciatore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071193495","display_name":"Marco Bernardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-8829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-8829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140443","display_name":"Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpc6733","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Bernardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["UOC UTIC Emodinamica e Cardiologia, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-8829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UOC UTIC Emodinamica e Cardiologia, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015687443","display_name":"Luigi Spadafora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-4121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-4121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140443","display_name":"Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpc6733","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Spadafora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy","UOC UTIC Emodinamica e Cardiologia, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6443-4121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UOC UTIC Emodinamica e Cardiologia, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066832095","display_name":"Atul Pathak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-0096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-0096"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atul Pathak","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Surgery and Interventional Cardiology (INCCI), 1210 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-0096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Surgery and Interventional Cardiology (INCCI), 1210 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067430999","display_name":"Francesco Perone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-7908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-7908"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Perone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic \u2018Villa delle Magnolie\u2019, 81020 Castel Morrone, Caserta, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-7908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic \u2018Villa delle Magnolie\u2019, 81020 Castel Morrone, Caserta, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037352871","display_name":"Stefano Figliozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-1548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-1548"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339471597","display_name":"Humanitas University","ror":"https://ror.org/020dggs04","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339471597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163047","display_name":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05d538656","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126","https://openalex.org/I4210163047"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Figliozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Milan, Italy","IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-1548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339471597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020367632","display_name":"Ali Abdelaziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1940-4258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1940-4258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Abdelaziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 5372066 Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1940-4258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 5372066 Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027649822","display_name":"Felice Gragnano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-278X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-278X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felice Gragnano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000200390","display_name":"Paolo Calabr\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-830X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-830X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Calabro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092707561","display_name":"Dario Mafrica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8991-1697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8991-1697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Mafrica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8991-1697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065836841","display_name":"Giuseppe And\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-6382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-6382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166183","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Papardo Piemonte","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5q0t82","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166183"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe And\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, 98124 Messina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-6382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, 98124 Messina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951","https://openalex.org/I4210166183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022083191","display_name":"Michael David Shapiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-3287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-3287"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269449","display_name":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/046r1r105","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-3287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057726685","display_name":"Elad Asher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-605X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-605X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801962034","display_name":"Shaare Zedek Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04d0szq68","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801962034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802879425","display_name":"Bikur Cholim Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03zpnb459","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802879425"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elad Asher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Eisenberg R&D authority and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-605X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Eisenberg R&D authority and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160","https://openalex.org/I2801962034","https://openalex.org/I2802879425"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088161654","display_name":"Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Sabouret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-3673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-3673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121705","display_name":"Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh9a093","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097159","https://openalex.org/I4210121705"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Sabouret","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACTION Study Group, Inserm UMRS1166, Heart Institute, Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-3673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACTION Study Group, Inserm UMRS1166, Heart Institute, Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210121705"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023303343"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210121705"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66697861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"10","first_page":"50123","last_page":"50123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.7588000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.7588000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.12210000306367874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.06629999727010727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotid-plaque-score","display_name":"carotid plaque score","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotid-atherosclerosis","display_name":"carotid atherosclerosis","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subclinical-atherosclerosis","display_name":"subclinical atherosclerosis","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-assessment","display_name":"cardiovascular risk assessment","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ischemic-stroke","display_name":"ischemic stroke","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-adverse-cardiovascular-events","display_name":"major adverse cardiovascular events","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-calcium","display_name":"coronary artery calcium","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plaque-burden-quantification","display_name":"plaque burden quantification","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-score-threshold","display_name":"risk score threshold","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-prediction-models","display_name":"cardiovascular risk prediction models","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrovascular-risk","display_name":"cerebrovascular risk","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9412999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.6132000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113280763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2326546","display_name":"Subclinical infection","level":2,"score":0.5781999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.45489999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11783203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5478027","display_name":"Framingham Risk Score","level":3,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5629407","display_name":"Coronary artery calcium","level":3,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987047532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214275","display_name":"Carotid arteries","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910003425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12202","display_name":"Embolic stroke","level":4,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018127138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Cardiovascular event","level":3,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778333808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515848","display_name":"Internal carotid artery","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778710248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154669","display_name":"Vulnerable plaque","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020200829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12202","display_name":"Stroke risk","level":4,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31083/rcm50123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm50123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm50123","pdf_url":"https://storage.imrpress.com/IMR/2113453944386592800/application/2153-8174-27-10-50123.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140574793","display_name":"Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine","issn_l":"1530-6550","issn":["1530-6550","2153-8174"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322753","host_organization_name":"IMR Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IMR Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13732675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732675/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732675/pdf/2153-8174-27-10-50123.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rev Cardiovasc Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42985038","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42985038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in cardiovascular medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31083/rcm50123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm50123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm50123","pdf_url":"https://storage.imrpress.com/IMR/2113453944386592800/application/2153-8174-27-10-50123.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140574793","display_name":"Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine","issn_l":"1530-6550","issn":["1530-6550","2153-8174"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322753","host_organization_name":"IMR Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IMR Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225256536.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225256536.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904745228","https://openalex.org/W1966564237","https://openalex.org/W1966886574","https://openalex.org/W1984508486","https://openalex.org/W2002349652","https://openalex.org/W2042489998","https://openalex.org/W2050322564","https://openalex.org/W2058895413","https://openalex.org/W2075420192","https://openalex.org/W2107175684","https://openalex.org/W2107409683","https://openalex.org/W2115083578","https://openalex.org/W2116802774","https://openalex.org/W2117693547","https://openalex.org/W2124902846","https://openalex.org/W2126143405","https://openalex.org/W2133786107","https://openalex.org/W2144716937","https://openalex.org/W2165187589","https://openalex.org/W2292719256","https://openalex.org/W2402599050","https://openalex.org/W2580848512","https://openalex.org/W2589085246","https://openalex.org/W2748877250","https://openalex.org/W2789808652","https://openalex.org/W2927941727","https://openalex.org/W2951566019","https://openalex.org/W2960431246","https://openalex.org/W2966793165","https://openalex.org/W2990789060","https://openalex.org/W2995247923","https://openalex.org/W3019335011","https://openalex.org/W3021993519","https://openalex.org/W3037162135","https://openalex.org/W3047616033","https://openalex.org/W3127594314","https://openalex.org/W3130571542","https://openalex.org/W3136562050","https://openalex.org/W3147806633","https://openalex.org/W3166015112","https://openalex.org/W3194879061","https://openalex.org/W3197233987","https://openalex.org/W3200704993","https://openalex.org/W3203784865","https://openalex.org/W3211015562","https://openalex.org/W4206045430","https://openalex.org/W4206654024","https://openalex.org/W4206933339","https://openalex.org/W4210347219","https://openalex.org/W4280572245","https://openalex.org/W4282982713","https://openalex.org/W4285807569","https://openalex.org/W4293194970","https://openalex.org/W4293872316","https://openalex.org/W4301391986","https://openalex.org/W4301393234","https://openalex.org/W4313584049","https://openalex.org/W4376121665","https://openalex.org/W4386084690","https://openalex.org/W4386193349","https://openalex.org/W4387526312","https://openalex.org/W4388573970","https://openalex.org/W4390753853","https://openalex.org/W4391788339","https://openalex.org/W4391851184","https://openalex.org/W4399546241","https://openalex.org/W4400309138","https://openalex.org/W4403611770","https://openalex.org/W4407714589","https://openalex.org/W4409497257","https://openalex.org/W4409792479","https://openalex.org/W4410955096","https://openalex.org/W4412784988","https://openalex.org/W4413849638","https://openalex.org/W4414015091","https://openalex.org/W4416121909","https://openalex.org/W4416507561","https://openalex.org/W7125522538","https://openalex.org/W7126201179","https://openalex.org/W7135214394","https://openalex.org/W7160283475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6980683908","https://openalex.org/W4386084690","https://openalex.org/W4399326990","https://openalex.org/W4376121665","https://openalex.org/W4409201336","https://openalex.org/W2165631963","https://openalex.org/W2996363212","https://openalex.org/W2982113958","https://openalex.org/W4404364011","https://openalex.org/W4387338267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"cardiovascular":[1,66,92],"risk":[2,12,83,179,187,218,248],"scores":[3,13],"estimate":[4],"the":[5,18,30,34],"probability":[6],"of":[7,22,43],"future":[8],"events;":[9],"however,":[10],"these":[11],"do":[14],"not":[15,98,128],"directly":[16,129],"quantify":[17],"presence":[19,59],"or":[20,188,225],"extent":[21],"subclinical":[23],"atherosclerosis.":[24],"This":[25],"narrative":[26],"review":[27],"critically":[28],"evaluates":[29],"current":[31,208],"evidence":[32,158],"on":[33],"carotid":[35,44,57,170,212],"plaque":[36,58,117,171,213],"score":[37],"(CPS),":[38],"a":[39,100,216,222],"semiquantitative":[40],"ultrasound-based":[41],"measure":[42],"atherosclerotic":[45],"burden":[46,61],"across":[47,242],"predefined":[48],"arterial":[49,119],"segments.":[50],"Population-based":[51],"cohorts":[52],"have":[53,74],"consistently":[54],"shown":[55],"that":[56,160,198],"and":[60,67,89,110,123,126,137,152,180,237,250],"are":[62,127],"independently":[63],"associated":[64],"with":[65,141,184,246],"cerebrovascular":[68,178],"events.":[69],"Studies":[70],"specifically":[71],"evaluating":[72,253],"CPS":[73,96,108,111,132,203],"further":[75],"suggested":[76],"an":[77],"incremental":[78],"prognostic":[79],"value":[80],"beyond":[81],"conventional":[82],"models,":[84,249],"particularly":[85],"for":[86,165,177],"ischemic":[87],"stroke":[88],"major":[90],"adverse":[91],"event":[93],"(MACE).":[94],"However,":[95],"does":[97],"represent":[99],"single":[101],"standardized":[102,235],"metric.":[103],"Therefore,":[104],"proposed":[105],"thresholds,":[106],"including":[107],"\u22652":[109],">3,":[112],"were":[113],"derived":[114],"using":[115],"different":[116],"definitions,":[118],"segments,":[120],"scoring":[121],"methods,":[122],"study":[124],"populations":[125],"interchangeable.":[130],"Meanwhile,":[131],"is":[133,148],"more":[134],"accessible,":[135],"non-ionizing,":[136],"relatively":[138],"inexpensive":[139],"compared":[140],"coronary":[142,166,191],"artery":[143],"calcium":[144],"(CAC),":[145],"but":[146],"it":[147],"less":[149,153],"extensively":[150],"validated":[151],"standardized.":[154],"Nonetheless,":[155],"available":[156],"comparative":[157],"indicates":[159],"CAC":[161],"provides":[162],"superior":[163],"discrimination":[164],"outcomes.":[167,206,260],"In":[168],"contrast,":[169],"assessment":[172],"may":[173],"offer":[174],"complementary":[175],"information":[176],"in":[181],"selected":[182],"individuals":[183],"discordant":[185],"estimated":[186],"no":[189],"detectable":[190],"calcification.":[192],"No":[193],"randomized":[194],"trial":[195],"has":[196],"demonstrated":[197],"treatment":[199],"decisions":[200],"guided":[201],"by":[202],"improve":[204,258],"clinical":[205,231],"Accordingly,":[207],"guidelines":[209],"generally":[210],"position":[211],"imaging":[214],"as":[215],"selective":[217],"modifier":[219],"rather":[220],"than":[221],"routine":[223],"screening":[224],"stand-alone":[226],"treatment-allocation":[227],"tool.":[228],"Thus,":[229],"broader":[230],"implementation":[232],"will":[233],"require":[234],"acquisition":[236],"reporting":[238],"protocols,":[239],"external":[240],"validation":[241],"diverse":[243],"populations,":[244],"integration":[245],"established":[247],"prospective":[251],"studies":[252],"whether":[254],"CPS-guided":[255],"preventive":[256],"strategies":[257],"patient":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}
