{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225255865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939697","title":"SMART CLOSED-LOOP HYDROPONIC FARMING: AN IoT-BASED EDGE-INTELLIGENT FRAMEWORK FOR NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND WATER CONSERVATION","display_name":"SMART CLOSED-LOOP HYDROPONIC FARMING: AN IoT-BASED EDGE-INTELLIGENT FRAMEWORK FOR NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND WATER CONSERVATION","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225255865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23939697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939697","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160576154","display_name":"Madhura Vishwas Khopkar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhura Vishwas Khopkar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064491165","display_name":"Swarupa Kamble","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swarupa Kamble","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87956051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13391","display_name":"Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5701000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776132308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11070850","display_name":"Inflow","level":2,"score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5054000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48590001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105462344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17142554","display_name":"Nutrient management","level":3,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552594755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191667","display_name":"Hydroponics","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175092762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q549563","display_name":"Mulch","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988574769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2259545","display_name":"Water flow","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110158866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462136","display_name":"Water conservation","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32198211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165044","display_name":"Greenhouse","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992244235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756","display_name":"Plant cultivation","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23939697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23939698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23939697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23939697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hydroponic":[0],"farming":[1],"allows":[2],"the":[3,29,52,70,92,94,110,123,128,132,139,153,165,168,170,186,191,198,218,227,233],"growth":[4],"of":[5,109,122,167,185,190,200,222,235],"crop":[6],"plants":[7],"without":[8],"any":[9],"soil":[10],"and":[11,45,103,112,126,173,188,226],"provides":[12],"them":[13],"with":[14],"nutrients":[15,64],"through":[16],"water.":[17],"The":[18,118,175,193,215],"technology":[19],"is":[20,26,38,49,97,155,204],"useful":[21],"in":[22,69,91],"situations":[23],"where":[24],"space":[25],"lim-ited":[27],"or":[28,54,61],"growing":[30],"conditions":[31],"are":[32,65,159],"easily":[33],"controllable.":[34],"However,":[35],"its":[36],"success":[37],"subject":[39],"to":[40,58,161,207,229],"strict":[41],"control":[42],"over":[43],"water":[44,202],"nutrition":[46],"supply.":[47],"Control":[48],"complicated":[50],"when":[51,152],"pH":[53,102],"EC":[55],"changes,":[56],"due":[57],"sensor":[59],"drift,":[60],"firstly":[62],"introduced":[63],"not":[66,211],"yet":[67],"mixed":[68],"tank.":[71],"A":[72],"controller":[73,119],"based":[74],"merely":[75],"on":[76],"preset":[77],"thresholds":[78],"will":[79],"react":[80],"too":[81],"quickly,":[82],"while":[83,144],"a":[84,205],"cloud-based":[85],"system":[86,177],"would":[87],"be":[88,208,230],"less":[89],"efficient":[90],"case":[93],"internet":[95,154],"connection":[96],"lost.":[98],"This":[99],"work":[100],"integrates":[101],"electrical":[104],"conductivity":[105],"sensing,":[106],"local":[107],"processing":[108],"data,":[111],"fuzzy-logic-enabled":[113],"decision-making":[114],"for":[115,141,232],"nutrient":[116,142],"application.":[117],"keeps":[120],"track":[121],"solution":[124],"variables":[125],"implements":[127],"corrective":[129],"measures":[130],"within":[131],"specified":[133],"boundaries,":[134],"as":[135,137],"well":[136],"controls":[138],"pumps":[140],"application":[143],"providing":[145],"several":[146],"very":[147],"important":[148],"functions":[149],"locally":[150],"even":[151],"absent.":[156],"Flow":[157],"measurements":[158],"included":[160],"have":[162],"information":[163],"about":[164],"inflow":[166],"water,":[169],"recirculation":[171],"process,":[172],"losses.":[174],"proposed":[176],"takes":[178],"into":[179],"account":[180],"calibration,":[181],"mixing":[182],"time,":[183],"limitations":[184],"dosage,":[187],"maintenance":[189],"sensors.":[192],"project\u2019s":[194],"summary":[195],"in-dicates":[196],"that":[197],"target":[199],"95%":[201],"retention":[203],"goal":[206],"achieved":[209],"experimentally,":[210],"an":[212],"accomplished":[213],"result.":[214],"paper":[216],"discusses":[217],"architecture":[219],"proposed,":[220],"workflow":[221],"control,":[223],"eval-uation":[224],"indicators,":[225],"points":[228],"considered":[231],"implementation":[234],"resource-efficient":[236],"hydroponic":[237],"systems.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}