{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225253579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216958","title":"Low-Power n-FET-Only Operational Transconductance Amplifier in Flexible IGZO TFT Technology","display_name":"Low-Power n-FET-Only Operational Transconductance Amplifier in Flexible IGZO TFT Technology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225253579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26216958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216958","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093461260","display_name":"Juan Luis Soler-Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-2298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-2298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Luis Soler-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-2298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032531213","display_name":"Angel Dieguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-7245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-7245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel Di\u00e9guez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-7245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043103920","display_name":"Joan Daniel Prades","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7055-5499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7055-5499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Daniel Prades","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT), Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany","Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT), Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070936782","display_name":"Oscar Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-3645","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-3645"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Alonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-3645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093461260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74880769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"21","first_page":"6958","last_page":"6958"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-transconductance-amplifier","display_name":"operational transconductance amplifier","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igzo-thin-film-transistors","display_name":"IGZO thin-film transistors","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-electronics","display_name":"flexible electronics","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-analog-circuits","display_name":"low-power analog circuits","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-source-amplifier","display_name":"common-source amplifier","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-offset","display_name":"input offset","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-current","display_name":"supply current","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-loop-gain","display_name":"open-loop gain","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779283907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632964","display_name":"Transconductance","level":4,"score":0.76419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58117264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239595","display_name":"Operational transconductance amplifier","level":5,"score":0.7346000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5837000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11722477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056298","display_name":"Differential amplifier","level":4,"score":0.5164999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189184530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508342","display_name":"Fully differential amplifier","level":5,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172218469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4477697","display_name":"Direct-coupled amplifier","level":5,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131782439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455581","display_name":"Frequency compensation","level":4,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165738657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3000860","display_name":"Direct coupling","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68742264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1736442","display_name":"Current-feedback operational amplifier","level":5,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38566628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1634194","display_name":"Gain\u2013bandwidth product","level":5,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87359718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271916","display_name":"Thin-film transistor","level":3,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46917211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3098845","display_name":"Common source","level":5,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89123640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1523756","display_name":"Instrumentation amplifier","level":5,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26216958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26216958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26216958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1620678792","https://openalex.org/W1988956774","https://openalex.org/W1994277498","https://openalex.org/W2066061312","https://openalex.org/W2069389000","https://openalex.org/W2555042453","https://openalex.org/W2779254253","https://openalex.org/W2780756707","https://openalex.org/W2783557664","https://openalex.org/W2794325729","https://openalex.org/W2803272884","https://openalex.org/W2810846860","https://openalex.org/W2883760536","https://openalex.org/W2899139496","https://openalex.org/W3039279398","https://openalex.org/W3094029285","https://openalex.org/W3102148851","https://openalex.org/W3119783884","https://openalex.org/W3153574658","https://openalex.org/W3210135877","https://openalex.org/W4200261881","https://openalex.org/W4223903097","https://openalex.org/W4285013252","https://openalex.org/W4377821704","https://openalex.org/W4386991838","https://openalex.org/W4395671673","https://openalex.org/W4402827382","https://openalex.org/W4405530845","https://openalex.org/W4406290690","https://openalex.org/W4406670400","https://openalex.org/W4407559976","https://openalex.org/W4411580266","https://openalex.org/W4416359189","https://openalex.org/W7113898382","https://openalex.org/W7133301907","https://openalex.org/W7140111543","https://openalex.org/W7160915908","https://openalex.org/W7171460165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7124149686","https://openalex.org/W2013377164","https://openalex.org/W7160915908","https://openalex.org/W2913340925","https://openalex.org/W3210135877","https://openalex.org/W1988956774","https://openalex.org/W1620678792","https://openalex.org/W7118295897","https://openalex.org/W2071107942","https://openalex.org/W7133301907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,56,93],"n-FET-only":[4],"operational":[5],"transconductance":[6],"amplifier":[7,128],"(OTA)":[8],"fabricated":[9],"in":[10],"a":[11,21,26,48,74,125],"flexible":[12],"0.6":[13],"\u00b5m":[14],"IGZO":[15,127],"TFT":[16,35],"process.":[17],"The":[18,65,97],"architecture":[19],"combines":[20],"resistive-load":[22],"differential":[23],"pair":[24],"with":[25],"three-stage":[27],"common-source":[28],"amplification":[29],"chain":[30],"and":[31,55,87,138],"avoids":[32],"using":[33],"weak-conduction":[34],"loads":[36],"to":[37,107,115],"set":[38],"the":[39,78,111,145],"high-side":[40],"currents.":[41],"Open-loop":[42],"measurements":[43],"across":[44],"10":[45,105],"dies":[46],"show":[47],"median":[49,79],"DC":[50],"gain":[51],"of":[52,59,144],"56.6":[53],"dB":[54,82],"input-offset":[57],"distribution":[58],"approximately":[60,104,116],"\u2212313":[61],"\u00b1":[62],"419":[63],"mV.":[64],"unloaded":[66],"open-loop":[67],"output":[68],"excursion":[69],"reaches":[70],"3.18":[71],"V.":[72,121],"In":[73],"unity-gain":[75],"follower":[76],"configuration,":[77],"closed-loop":[80],"\u22123":[81],"bandwidth":[83],"is":[84,90],"3.7":[85],"kHz,":[86],"stable":[88],"operation":[89],"observed":[91],"without":[92],"explicit":[94],"compensation":[95],"capacitor.":[96],"cross-chip":[98],"average":[99],"supply":[100,139],"current":[101],"varies":[102],"from":[103],"\u00b5A":[106,109],"16":[108],"over":[110],"input":[112,134],"sweep,":[113],"corresponding":[114],"33\u201353":[117],"\u00b5W":[118],"at":[119],"3.3":[120],"These":[122],"results":[123],"demonstrate":[124],"low-power":[126],"for":[129],"low-frequency":[130],"sensor":[131],"interfaces,":[132],"while":[133],"offset,":[135],"load-driving":[136],"capability":[137],"coupling":[140],"remain":[141],"important":[142],"limitations":[143],"present":[146],"implementation.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}