{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225253151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57264/cer-2026-0081","title":"Evaluation of large language models for clinical decision support in prostate cancer: a multidisciplinary Delphi study","display_name":"Evaluation of large language models for clinical decision support in prostate cancer: a multidisciplinary Delphi study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225253151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57264/cer-2026-0081","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42980497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.57264/cer-2026-0081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57264/cer-2026-0081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57264/cer-2026-0081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489859990","display_name":"Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research","issn_l":"2042-6305","issn":["2042-6305","2042-6313"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321119","host_organization_name":"Future Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321119"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Future Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.57264/cer-2026-0081","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040685844","display_name":"\u00c1ngel Borque\u2010Fernando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-4567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-4567"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114530","display_name":"Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet","ror":"https://ror.org/01r13mt55","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136512","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/03njn4610","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ngel Borque-Fernando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Arag\u00f3n, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS-Arag\u00f3n, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4210114530","https://openalex.org/I4210136512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039400898","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Ledo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144722","display_name":"Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar","ror":"https://ror.org/040xzg562","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158283456","https://openalex.org/I4210144722"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Ledo Cepero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, C\u00e1diz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, C\u00e1diz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050659775","display_name":"Antonio Rodr\u0131\u0301guez-Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3160"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113665","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/026yy9j15","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113665"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116170","display_name":"Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves","ror":"https://ror.org/02f01mz90","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116170"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Rodr\u00edguez-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113665","https://openalex.org/I4210116170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037850419","display_name":"Estefan\u00eda Linares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-9436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-9436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800562746","display_name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz","ror":"https://ror.org/01s1q0w69","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estefan\u00eda Linares Espin\u00f3s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046352696","display_name":"Sara Mart\u00ednez Breijo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140856","display_name":"Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/044knj408","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160015","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de A Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/04c9g9234","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160015"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Mart\u00ednez Breijo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology Department, Hospital Universitario de A Coru\u00f1a, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain; Epithelial Plasticity & Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de A Coru\u00f1a (INIBIC), A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology Department, Hospital Universitario de A Coru\u00f1a, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain; Epithelial Plasticity & Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de A Coru\u00f1a (INIBIC), A Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140856","https://openalex.org/I4210160015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110442384","display_name":"Teresa Alonso Gordoa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-7236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-7236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127475","display_name":"Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria","ror":"https://ror.org/03fftr154","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127475"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161852","display_name":"Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal","ror":"https://ror.org/050eq1942","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293","https://openalex.org/I4210161852"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Alonso Gordoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127475","https://openalex.org/I4210161852"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112424699","display_name":"Fernando L\u00f3pez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161852","display_name":"Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal","ror":"https://ror.org/050eq1942","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139293","https://openalex.org/I4210161852"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando L\u00f3pez Campos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiotherapy Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiotherapy Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161852"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068423409","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Espinosa Bosch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108548","display_name":"Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqsmm97","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108548"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Espinosa Bosch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacy Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacy Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108548"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102048537","display_name":"Eugenia Garc\u00eda Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3850-1906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3850-1906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800562746","display_name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz","ror":"https://ror.org/01s1q0w69","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenia Garc\u00eda Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025441151","display_name":"Juan G\u00f3mez Rivas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-3035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-3035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2961216182","display_name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/04d0ybj29","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2961216182","https://openalex.org/I4210139293"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan G\u00f3mez Rivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2961216182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160694817","display_name":"Joan Carles Vilanova Busquets","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092868","display_name":"Cl\u00ednica Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/00hxspe04","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092868"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Carles Vilanova Busquets","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology Department, Cl\u00ednica Girona, Girona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology Department, Cl\u00ednica Girona, Girona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028466359","display_name":"Daniel P\u00e9rez-Fentes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-8646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6348-8646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096311","display_name":"Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago","ror":"https://ror.org/00mpdg388","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096311"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Perez-Fentes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040685844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4210114530","https://openalex.org/I4210136512"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7745155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"e260081","last_page":"e260081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12664","display_name":"Clinical practice guidelines implementation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer","display_name":"prostate cancer","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-guidelines","display_name":"clinical guidelines","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-consensus","display_name":"expert consensus","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guideline-interpretation","display_name":"guideline interpretation","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gemini","display_name":"Gemini","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/claude","display_name":"Claude","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-association-of-urology-guidelines","display_name":"European Association of Urology guidelines","score":0.8610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.8014000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279","display_name":"Guideline","level":2,"score":0.7053999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7052000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60641444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602","display_name":"Delphi method","level":2,"score":0.6783000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779495148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487378","display_name":"Delphi","level":2,"score":0.6647999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.44040000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020501284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary team","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020580240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663272","display_name":"Expert opinion","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.57264/cer-2026-0081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57264/cer-2026-0081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57264/cer-2026-0081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489859990","display_name":"Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research","issn_l":"2042-6305","issn":["2042-6305","2042-6313"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321119","host_organization_name":"Future Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321119"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Future Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42980497","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42980497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of comparative effectiveness research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.57264/cer-2026-0081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57264/cer-2026-0081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57264/cer-2026-0081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489859990","display_name":"Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research","issn_l":"2042-6305","issn":["2042-6305","2042-6313"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321119","host_organization_name":"Future Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321119"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Future Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769003790","https://openalex.org/W3019195879","https://openalex.org/W4388759569","https://openalex.org/W4399774223","https://openalex.org/W4400074661","https://openalex.org/W4400080951","https://openalex.org/W4400324908","https://openalex.org/W4403680361","https://openalex.org/W4403968929","https://openalex.org/W4406247478","https://openalex.org/W4406324286","https://openalex.org/W4408661274","https://openalex.org/W4411887816","https://openalex.org/W7141828064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7225240253","https://openalex.org/W7225247145","https://openalex.org/W7162681036","https://openalex.org/W7160402963","https://openalex.org/W4415220395","https://openalex.org/W7141828064","https://openalex.org/W4406324286","https://openalex.org/W4410812416","https://openalex.org/W7225261226","https://openalex.org/W4416780838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim:":[0],"Large":[1],"language":[2],"models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"may":[5],"help":[6],"interpret":[7],"clinical":[8,48],"guideline":[9,73,275],"content.":[10],"However,":[11,248],"their":[12,106],"performance":[13,249],"in":[14,101,137,163,187,245,260],"guideline-based":[15,130],"prostate":[16],"cancer":[17],"(PC)":[18],"scenarios":[19],"remains":[20],"insufficiently":[21],"validated.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"evaluated":[25,128],"the":[26,65,85,111,170,266],"agreement":[27,109,138,257],"between":[28],"a":[29,92,97,116],"multidisciplinary":[30,56],"expert":[31,243,269],"panel":[32,98],"and":[33,42,75,96,151,197,236,273,281],"responses":[34,143,189],"generated":[35],"by":[36,84,278],"three":[37,164],"leading":[38],"LLMs":[39],"(Claude,":[40],"Gemini":[41],"ChatGPT)":[43],"when":[44,226],"addressing":[45],"structured,":[46],"guideline-derived":[47],"questions":[49,62,165,216],"on":[50,64],"PC.":[51],"Materials":[52],"&":[53],"methods:":[54],"A":[55],"tumor":[57],"board":[58],"created":[59],"25":[60,129],"structured":[61],"based":[63],"2025":[66],"European":[67],"Association":[68],"of":[69,99,108,175,180,234,268],"Urology":[70],"guidelines.":[71],"The":[72,113],"figures":[74,235],"tables":[76],"were":[77,185],"transformed":[78],"into":[79],"plain-language":[80,232],"summaries":[81],"for":[82,141,191,195,200],"use":[83],"LLMs.":[86],"Each":[87],"model":[88],"was":[89,139,161],"prompted":[90],"with":[91,110,121,145,149,154,167,217,228,231,242,253],"simple,":[93],"unmodified":[94],"query":[95],"experts":[100,127],"PC":[102,229],"management":[103],"independently":[104],"rated":[105],"level":[107],"responses.":[112],"evaluation":[114],"used":[115],"two-round":[117],"modified":[118],"Delphi":[119,134],"method":[120],"predefined":[122],"consensus":[123,136,206,244],"criteria.":[124],"Results:":[125],"Eleven":[126],"questions.":[131],"After":[132],"two":[133],"rounds,":[135],"reached":[140],"23/25":[142],"(92%)":[144],"Gemini,":[146,192],"20/25":[147],"(80%)":[148],"ChatGPT":[150],"14/25":[152,198],"(56%)":[153,199],"Claude":[155,168,201,254],"(p":[156,202],"=":[157,203],"0.0033).":[158],"Explicit":[159],"disagreement":[160],"noted":[162],"(12%)":[166],"after":[169],"second":[171],"round.":[172],"Median":[173],"scores":[174],"at":[176],"least":[177],"7":[178],"out":[179],"9,":[181],"indicating":[182],"strong":[183,240],"agreement,":[184],"achieved":[186],"24/25":[188],"(96%)":[190],"22/25":[193],"(88%)":[194],"ChatGPT,":[196],"0.0002).":[204],"Most":[205],"difficulties":[207],"involved":[208],"complex":[209,261],"cases,":[210],"advanced":[211],"imaging,":[212],"genetic":[213],"testing":[214],"or":[215,220],"limited":[218],"data":[219],"controversial":[221],"topics.":[222],"Conclusion:":[223],"Advanced":[224],"LLMs,":[225],"provided":[227],"guidelines":[230],"adaptations":[233],"tables,":[237],"can":[238],"achieve":[239],"alignment":[241],"routine":[246],"situations.":[247],"varies":[250],"among":[251],"models,":[252],"showing":[255],"lower":[256],"rates,":[258],"especially":[259],"cases.":[262],"These":[263],"results":[264],"emphasize":[265],"importance":[267],"oversight,":[270],"continuous":[271],"validation":[272],"standardized":[274],"formats":[276],"interpretable":[277],"both":[279],"clinicians":[280],"AI":[282],"systems.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}