{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225237983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","title":"Salinity-Dependent PFOA Transport and Membrane Stability in a Hybrid Electrokinetic\u2013Ion Exchange System for Produced Water","display_name":"Salinity-Dependent PFOA Transport and Membrane Stability in a Hybrid Electrokinetic\u2013Ion Exchange System for Produced Water","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225237983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160628482","display_name":"Emmanuel Mbah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Mbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041594205","display_name":"Maria Elektorowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2737-3128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2737-3128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148195","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dwckp88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Elektorowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University - Sir George Williams Campus: Concordia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University - Sir George Williams Campus: Concordia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195","https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160668116","display_name":"Mehrab Malekshahi Nejad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148195","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dwckp88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrab Malekshahi Nejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University - Sir George Williams Campus: Concordia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University - Sir George Williams Campus: Concordia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195","https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11869","display_name":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","score":0.4887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11869","display_name":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","score":0.4887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12074","display_name":"Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques","score":0.375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.06449999660253525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7145000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27703432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778467","display_name":"Electrokinetic phenomena","level":2,"score":0.65420001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.5985999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5458999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64016661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898574","display_name":"Turbidity","level":2,"score":0.5435000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2182769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62500","display_name":"Ionic bonding","level":3,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117760992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389137","display_name":"Ion exchange","level":3,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775865663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247687","display_name":"Produced water","level":2,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94005225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751537","display_name":"Membrane technology","level":3,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180461467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623659","display_name":"Membrane fouling","level":4,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59061564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783071","display_name":"Thermal stability","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115792997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1439803","display_name":"Fouling","level":3,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537181965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658","display_name":"Sodium","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195993236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241065","display_name":"Electro-osmosis","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11121227/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965071973","https://openalex.org/W1980346983","https://openalex.org/W1990257642","https://openalex.org/W2015338499","https://openalex.org/W2016223385","https://openalex.org/W2023227383","https://openalex.org/W2028187959","https://openalex.org/W2050914752","https://openalex.org/W2061143165","https://openalex.org/W2079387648","https://openalex.org/W2089943825","https://openalex.org/W2090844193","https://openalex.org/W2112558380","https://openalex.org/W2134031962","https://openalex.org/W2134455893","https://openalex.org/W2833984236","https://openalex.org/W2894771682","https://openalex.org/W2916962000","https://openalex.org/W3036428542","https://openalex.org/W3038543216","https://openalex.org/W3096321011","https://openalex.org/W3115135730","https://openalex.org/W3128735122","https://openalex.org/W3143394314","https://openalex.org/W3162437926","https://openalex.org/W4223468756","https://openalex.org/W4391564835","https://openalex.org/W4391867330","https://openalex.org/W4407755998","https://openalex.org/W4410455551","https://openalex.org/W4416330721"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Produced":[1],"water":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,29,160],"challenging":[5],"industrial":[6],"wastewater":[7],"because":[8],"its":[9],"high":[10],"salinity":[11,116,158],"and":[12,23,56,68,79,92,106,111,120,151,169],"complex":[13],"ionic":[14,50,163],"composition":[15],"can":[16],"strongly":[17],"influence":[18],"electrically":[19],"driven":[20],"contaminant":[21],"transport":[22],"membrane":[24,34,57,95,139,170],"stability.":[25,58,171],"This":[26],"study":[27],"investigated":[28],"two-stage":[30],"hybrid":[31],"electrokinetic\u2013ion":[32],"exchange":[33,138],"(EK\u2013IEM)":[35],"process":[36],"for":[37,192],"PFOA":[38,74,101,165],"removal":[39,174],"from":[40],"produced":[41],"water,":[42],"focusing":[43],"on":[44],"the":[45,130,136,143,148,186],"coupled":[46,178],"effects":[47],"of":[48,65,76,103,135,189],"salinity,":[49,132],"transport,":[51,164],"electrical":[52,118,150],"loading,":[53],"energy":[54,127,167],"demand,":[55,91,168],"Experiments":[59],"were":[60],"conducted":[61],"at":[62],"nominal":[63],"salinities":[64],"10,":[66],"20,":[67],"80":[69],"g":[70],"NaCl/L,":[71],"with":[72],"initial":[73],"concentrations":[75],"12.32,":[77],"14.50,":[78],"17.14":[80],"mg/L,":[81],"respectively.":[82,114],"Membrane-free":[83],"electrokinetic":[84],"pretreatment":[85],"substantially":[86,124],"reduced":[87],"oil,":[88],"chemical":[89],"oxygen":[90],"turbidity":[93],"before":[94],"treatment.":[96],"Subsequent":[97],"EK\u2013IEM":[98,190],"treatment":[99,191],"achieved":[100],"removals":[102],"99.5%,":[104],"96.3%,":[105],"97.5%":[107],"under":[108,142],"low-,":[109],"medium-,":[110],"high-salinity":[112],"conditions,":[113],"Increasing":[115],"increased":[117],"current":[119],"thermal":[121,152],"loading":[122],"while":[123],"increasing":[125],"specific":[126],"consumption.":[128],"At":[129],"highest":[131,149],"physical":[133],"rupture":[134],"anion":[137],"was":[140],"observed":[141],"condition":[144],"that":[145,157],"also":[146],"exhibited":[147],"loading.":[153],"The":[154],"results":[155],"indicate":[156],"creates":[159],"trade-off":[161],"between":[162],"removal,":[166],"Rather":[172],"than":[173],"efficiency":[175],"alone,":[176],"these":[177],"factors":[179],"should":[180],"therefore":[181],"be":[182],"considered":[183],"when":[184],"defining":[185],"operating":[187],"window":[188],"hypersaline":[193],"PFAS-contaminated":[194],"wastewater.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}
