{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225235531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962248","title":"The Sub-Bit Decision Token: An Information Ceiling on a One-Byte Codebook, a Near-Universal Escape via a Frequency Ladder, a Cheap Commissioning Meter, and a Bit-Exact Reduction to Practice on Commodity Silicon","display_name":"The Sub-Bit Decision Token: An Information Ceiling on a One-Byte Codebook, a Near-Universal Escape via a Frequency Ladder, a Cheap Commissioning Meter, and a Bit-Exact Reduction to Practice on Commodity Silicon","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225235531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23962248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962248","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136291542","display_name":"Randolph James Ferlic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2367-5205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2367-5205"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferlic, Randolph James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fieldstone Analytics, LLC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2367-5205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fieldstone Analytics, LLC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147359982","display_name":"Kimberly Kate Ferlic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3012-3430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3012-3430"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferlic, Kimberly Kate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fieldstone Analytics, LLC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3012-3430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fieldstone Analytics, LLC","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.36820000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.36820000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.1282999962568283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0763000026345253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"mutual information","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-bottleneck","display_name":"information bottleneck","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantizer-design","display_name":"quantizer design","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series-classification","display_name":"time series classification","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-sample-bias","display_name":"finite-sample bias","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agglomerative-hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"agglomerative clustering","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5954999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.5673999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147494362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2078905","display_name":"Troubleshooting","level":2,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589822","display_name":"Ceiling (cloud)","level":2,"score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317088","display_name":"Commodity","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165347436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514547","display_name":"Project commissioning","level":3,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778994249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2842324","display_name":"TRAC","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43169469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580922","display_name":"Preprint","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113336015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574010","display_name":"Complete information","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23962248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23962249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23962248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23962248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165475845","https://openalex.org/W7203726849","https://openalex.org/W7221708341","https://openalex.org/W7223866404","https://openalex.org/W7224617968","https://openalex.org/W7224899668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7167213427","https://openalex.org/W7213905682","https://openalex.org/W7221572646","https://openalex.org/W7203610840","https://openalex.org/W7203726849","https://openalex.org/W7223866404","https://openalex.org/W7214169896","https://openalex.org/W7112674914","https://openalex.org/W1853920184","https://openalex.org/W7167284093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,200,331,382,570,647,760,994,1014,1020,1152,1426],"Sub-Bit":[1],"Decision":[2],"Token:":[3],"An":[4,701],"Information":[5],"Ceiling":[6],"on":[7,28,176,213,349,361,364,369,377,459,483,509,555,627,773,787,800,803,842,865,888,921,980,1032,1098,1112,1128,1131,1221,1230,1252],"a":[8,11,15,18,23,61,98,103,110,120,253,258,266,294,298,306,313,329,344,350,354,370,385,424,438,443,484,489,504,516,550,561,573,608,615,641,657,718,721,740,753,766,788,813,820,914,936,941,972,1027,1033,1053,1103,1116,1138,1142,1162,1168,1198,1211,1231,1277,1298,1315,1328,1335,1340,1346,1353,1356,1383,1388,1394,1399],"One-Byte":[9],"Codebook,":[10],"Near-Universal":[12],"Escape":[13,433],"via":[14],"Frequency":[16],"Ladder,":[17],"Cheap":[19],"Commissioning":[20],"Meter,":[21],"and":[22,35,67,75,165,180,190,204,236,297,328,368,414,431,462,476,495,500,589,613,660,681,768,783,808,819,874,920,958,990,1059,1081,1146,1197,1242,1382,1413,1469],"Bit-Exact":[24],"Reduction":[25],"to":[26,102,525,531,591,601,911,1043,1177,1183,1296,1451],"Practice":[27],"Commodity":[29],"Silicon":[30],"Randolph":[31],"James":[32],"Ferlic,":[33],"M.D.":[34],"Kimberly":[36],"Kate":[37],"Ferlic":[38],"\u2014":[39,83,94,114,241,343,347,388,535,543,595,632,695,748,785,794,881,899,935,954,1023,1030,1136,1202,1271,1327,1369,1462,1468],"Fieldstone":[40],"Analytics,":[41],"LLC,":[42],"Austin,":[43],"TX,":[44],"USA":[45],"Preprint":[46],"\u00b7":[47,51,54,57,604,685,759,847,852,854,856,947,1013,1096,1301,1419],"Zenodo":[48],"DOI:":[49],"10.5281/zenodo.23962249":[50],"CC-BY":[52],"4.0":[53],"Community:":[55],"spiral-domain-encoder-campaign":[56],"This":[58,136],"work":[59],"is":[60,76,115,233,239,257,293,303,338,384,434,515,572,607,639,649,717,726,765,809,871,932,1017,1069,1079,1154,1167,1276,1288,1380,1410],"scientific":[62],"characterization":[63],"of":[64,119,158,209,276,379,527,537,578,624,674,689,775,830,844,956,960,1157,1179,1190,1279,1284,1404],"previously":[65],"filed":[66],"published":[68],"methods;":[69],"it":[70,167,242,449,538,599,769,1148,1368,1379,1438,1446],"discloses":[71],"no":[72,79,404,878],"new":[73,80,351,789],"mechanism":[74,1355],"accompanied":[77],"by":[78,97,109,244,359,798,817,825,1457],"patent":[81],"application":[82],"see":[84],"the":[85,116,139,177,228,237,263,277,365,374,380,418,467,512,540,556,568,633,664,678,690,693,707,749,771,776,804,831,836,839,868,875,891,894,902,906,924,930,1044,1075,1082,1099,1121,1124,1155,1164,1191,1217,1250,1253,1256,1265,1273,1280,1285,1290,1293,1310,1312,1324,1333,1349,1372,1375,1406,1416,1433,1436,1443],"notice":[86],"below.":[87],"Abstract":[88],"A":[89,198,271,325,428,564,668,729,827,848,948,962,1062,1224,1420],"frozen":[90,616],"single-byte":[91],"\"decision":[92],"token\"":[93],"features":[95],"mapped":[96],"closed-form":[99],"affine":[100],"embedding":[101],"\u2264256-cell":[104],"k-means":[105],"codebook,":[106],"read":[107,1160],"out":[108,955,959],"per-cell":[111],"class":[112],"posterior":[113],"base":[117],"instrument":[118],"program":[121],"that":[122,163,312,334,739,763,1158,1322],"studies":[123],"how":[124,145,580,590],"far":[125,662,1266],"one":[126,150,530,582,761,1182,1307],"deterministic,":[127,1212],"microjoule-class":[128],"lookup":[129,1140],"can":[130,154,1269],"be":[131,683],"pushed":[132],"across":[133,249,529,653,780,1181],"sensing":[134],"modalities.":[135],"record":[137,1313],"asks":[138],"sharpest":[140],"quantitative":[141],"question":[142],"about":[143,1188,1339],"it:":[144],"much":[146,581],"decision-relevant":[147],"information":[148,212,223,342,626,680,1317,1334,1437],"does":[149,966],"token":[151,201,391,469,514,816,859,870,908,931,943,1022,1126,1294],"actually":[152],"carry,":[153],"any":[155,1330],"cleverer":[156,687],"way":[157],"placing":[159],"its":[160,698,1039,1091],"cells":[161,278,691,1445],"raise":[162],"number,":[164],"when":[166,585,929],"cannot,":[168],"what":[169],"does?":[170],"Across":[171],"an":[172,283,496,1227,1362,1459],"eleven-tier":[173],"pre-registered":[174],"battery":[175],"full":[178,832,1244],"UCR":[179],"UEA":[181],"time-series":[182],"archives,":[183],"with":[184,423,488,1038,1187,1216,1398],"decision":[185,260,473,610,1041],"bands":[186],"fixed":[187],"before":[188,1344,1378],"measurement":[189,1318],"negatives":[191],"kept,":[192],"four":[193,532,1024,1184],"things":[194],"are":[195],"established.":[196],"(1)":[197],"bound.":[199],"carries,":[202],"bias-corrected":[203,1316],"shuffle-null-subtracted,":[205,614],"only":[206,332,620,1306,1424],"\u22480.42":[207,621],"bits":[208,226,248,623,863],"net":[210,622,862],"label":[211,625,1341],"average":[214,628],"(bootstrap":[215],"95%":[216],"confidence":[217],"interval":[218],"0.19\u20130.68;":[219],"naive":[220,267,634,671,1066],"plug-in":[221,635],"mutual":[222],"reads":[224],"1.17":[225],"but":[227,442,1087,1264],"finite-sample":[229,642,1325],"bias":[230,643],"floor":[231,644,1326],"alone":[232],"0.75":[234,452,988],"bits),":[235,1441],"ceiling":[238,393,648,853],"front-end-independent":[240,650],"moves":[243,335],"at":[245,402,478,546,885,985,1048,1194,1205],"most":[246,536],"0.16":[247],"five":[250,654],"embeddings":[251],"including":[252,656],"nonlinear":[254,658],"one.":[255],"It":[256],"sub-bit":[259,609],"stamp,":[261],"not":[262,435,967,1088,1106,1283,1305,1423,1442,1449],"multi-bit":[264,1347],"code":[265,1337],"estimate":[268,636],"suggests.":[269],"(2)":[270],"hardened":[272],"negative.":[273],"No":[274,686],"re-placement":[275],"beats":[279],"plain":[280,1453],"reconstruction-driven":[281],"k-means:":[282],"information-optimal":[284,702],"(agglomerative":[285,703],"information-bottleneck)":[286,704],"quantizer":[287,705],"overfits":[288,706],"(held-out":[289,710],"\u22120.014),":[290],"curved-space":[291,712],"quantization":[292,716],"wash":[295,719],"(+0.001),":[296],"flow-aware":[299,722],"\"generating\"":[300,723],"symbolic":[301,724],"partition":[302,725],"refuted":[304,727],"(\u22120.021);":[305],"test-tuned":[307,730,1357],"oracle":[308,731],"finds":[309,732,835],"apparent":[310,733],"headroom":[311,734],"realizable":[314,320,741],"train-selected":[315],"rule":[316,743,1365],"cannot":[317,420,744,926,1258,1366],"capture":[318,745],"(information-bottleneck":[319,735],"\u22120.007,":[321],"curvature":[322,737],"\u22120.001).":[323],"(3)":[324],"near-universal":[326],"escape,":[327],"map.":[330],"lever":[333,755,762,1016],"held-out":[336,796],"accuracy":[337,358,521,797,1100,1130,1173,1456],"admitting":[339],"more":[340,586],"independent":[341,781,1460],"partition-and-aggregate":[345],"ladder":[346,356,419,806,837,876,892,904,925,1083,1166,1257],"validated":[348,457],"axis,":[352,790],"frequency:":[353],"dyadic-band":[355],"lifts":[357,795],"+0.044":[360,799],"average,":[362,801],"stacks":[363,802],"channel":[366,805],"ladder,":[367,767],"105-dataset":[371,828],"census":[372,829],"escapes":[373,692,770,838],"single-token":[375,617,840],"bound":[376,389,694,772,841,851],"88%":[378,774],"archive.":[381,777],"picture":[383],"four-regime":[386,849],"law":[387],"(one":[390],"saturates),":[392],"(easy":[394],"tasks":[395,867],"already":[396,872,1193],"saturated;":[397],"canonical":[398,882],"bearing-fault":[399,883],"identification":[400,884],"sits":[401,661],"0.998,":[403],"room),":[405],"escape":[406,855,953,969,1015],"(multi-scale":[407],"morphology:":[408],"handwriting":[409,900],"+0.221,":[410,901],"valve-acoustic":[411,917],"anomaly":[412,918,1010],"+0.204),":[413],"boundary":[415,1275],"(electroencephalography,":[416],"where":[417,940],"help":[421,927,1259],"even":[422,696,928],"healthy":[425,933],"token).":[426],"(4)":[427],"cheap":[429,949,1281],"meter,":[430],"silicon.":[432,1019],"predictable":[436],"from":[437,523,756,909,1108,1175,1393,1415],"label-free":[439,963],"energy":[440,964],"statistic,":[441],"cheap,":[444,973],"codebook-free":[445,974],"joint-separability":[446,975],"meter":[447,951,976,1385],"predicts":[448,952],"(Spearman":[450],"\u03c1":[451,987],"archive-wide;":[453],"leave-one-out":[454,991],"precision":[455,992],"0.99),":[456],"out-of-source":[458,1001],"real":[460,754,1002],"bearing":[461],"acoustic":[463],"data":[464],"(3/3).":[465],"Finally,":[466],"laddered":[468,513],"runs":[470,1031,1262],"bit-exact":[471,1042,1213],"(0/54":[472,1046],"flips,":[474],"float32)":[475],"deterministic":[477,533,1018,1185],"1.66":[479,1049],"ms":[480,1050],"per":[481,1051],"inference":[482],"commodity":[485,1034],"Arm":[486,1036],"Cortex-M4F,":[487],"calibrated":[490,1054],"int8":[491,1055,1068],"path":[492,1056],"agreeing":[493,1057],"0.98":[494,1058],"exact":[497],"host":[498],"port;":[499],"measured":[501],"head-to-head":[502,1111],"against":[503,697,1115,1141],"modern":[505,915,1117],"random-kernel":[506],"(ROCKET-family)":[507],"classifier":[508,1119,1144],"identical":[510,1113],"folds,":[511],"cost\u2013accuracy":[517,557,1169,1291],"dial":[518,1170,1261],"whose":[519,1171],"mean":[520,1172],"climbs":[522,1174],"91%":[524,1176],"96%":[526,1178],"ROCKET":[528,1122,1180,1268],"bytes":[534,587,1196],"in":[539,593,1120],"first":[541],"two":[542,1195],"reaching":[544,1203],"95.9%":[545,1204],"~500\u00d7":[547],"fewer":[548,1208],"features,":[549,1209],"tunable,":[551],"auditable":[552],"operating":[553,1228],"point":[554,1153,1229],"plane":[558],"rather":[559,1236],"than":[560,1237],"higher":[562],"accuracy.":[563],"deployment":[565,1421],"contract":[566],"closes":[567],"record.":[569],"contribution":[571],"precise,":[574],"hardened,":[575],"hardware-validated":[576],"statement":[577],"exactly":[579,1289],"byte":[583,606],"decides,":[584],"help,":[588],"tell":[592],"advance":[594],"strong":[596],"precisely":[597],"because":[598,1090],"refuses":[600],"overclaim.":[602],"Highlights":[603],"One":[605,858,1246],"stamp.":[611],"Bias-corrected":[612],"codebook":[618,824,1434],"carries":[619,1338,1439],"(95%":[629],"CI":[630],"0.19\u20130.68)":[631],"(1.17":[637],"bits)":[638],"mostly":[640],"(0.75":[645],"bits).":[646],"(0.16-bit":[651],"spread":[652],"embeddings,":[655],"one)":[659],"below":[663],"code's":[665],"6-bit":[666],"capacity.":[667,1095],"methodological":[669],"corollary:":[670],"mutual-information":[672],"estimates":[673],"quantized":[675],"decisions":[676],"overstate":[677],"usable":[679],"must":[682],"bias-corrected.":[684],"placement":[688],"own":[699],"oracle.":[700],"commissioning":[708,950],"labels":[709],"\u22120.014);":[711],"(spherical":[713],"/":[714],"hyperbolic)":[715],"(+0.001);":[720],"(\u22120.021).":[728],"+0.030,":[736],"+0.018)":[738],"inner-validation":[742],"(\u22120.007,":[746],"\u22120.001)":[747],"decisive":[750],"control":[751],"separating":[752],"selection-bias":[757],"headroom.":[758],"works":[764],"Distributing":[778],"capacity":[779],"tokens":[782,1092],"aggregating":[784],"here":[786],"frequency":[791,1165,1467],"(dyadic":[792],"bands)":[793],"(+0.032),":[807],"~\u2154":[810],"structural":[811],"(beats":[812],"byte-matched":[814],"single":[815,823,869,907,1125],"+0.028,":[818],"capacity-matched":[821],"256-cell":[822],"+0.067).":[826],"UCR/UEA":[833],"archive":[834],"92":[843],"105":[845],"datasets.":[846],"law:":[850],"boundary.":[857],"\u2248":[860],"0.42":[861],"(bound);":[864],"easy":[866],"saturated":[873],"has":[877],"room":[879],"(ceiling":[880],"AUROC":[886],"0.998);":[887],"multi-scale":[889],"morphology":[890],"breaks":[893],"bound,":[895,1359],"sometimes":[896],"dramatically":[897],"(escape":[898],"four-byte":[903],"lifting":[905],"0.669":[910],"0.891,":[912],"near":[913],"classifier;":[916],"+0.204);":[919],"neural":[922,1274],"signals":[923],"(boundary":[934],"self-regulation":[937],"EEG":[938,1254],"task":[939,1255],"0.835":[942],"still":[944],"loses":[945],"\u22120.022).":[946],"sample":[957],"source.":[961],"statistic":[965],"predict":[968],"(\u03c1":[970],"0.13);":[971],"(a":[977,1071,1319],"three-fold":[978],"shrinkage-discriminant":[979],"stacked":[981],"multi-band":[982],"features)":[983],"does,":[984],"Spearman":[986],"archive-wide":[989],"0.99.":[993],"development-set":[995],"threshold":[996],"correctly":[997],"classifies":[998],"three":[999,1218],"genuinely":[1000],"industrial":[1003],"datasets":[1004,1135],"(bearing":[1005],"vibration":[1006],"as":[1007,1011,1102,1137,1147,1161,1210],"ceiling;":[1008],"machine-acoustic":[1009],"escape).":[1012],"frequency-ladder":[1021],"band-tokens":[1025],"plus":[1026],"joint":[1028],"readout":[1029],"32-bit":[1035],"Cortex-M4F":[1037],"float32":[1040],"reference":[1045],"flips)":[1047],"inference,":[1052],"porting":[1060],"exactly.":[1061],"reconciliation":[1063],"worth":[1064],"stating:":[1065],"post-hoc":[1067],"lossy":[1070],"quantizer-choice":[1072],"artifact),":[1073],"while":[1074],"per-dimension":[1076],"min-max\u2013calibrated":[1077],"scheme":[1078],"bit-exact;":[1080],"prunes":[1084],"two-fold":[1085],"free":[1086],"four,":[1089],"use":[1093],"their":[1094],"Placed":[1097],"frontier":[1101],"tunable":[1104],"dial,":[1105],"hidden":[1107],"it.":[1109],"Measured":[1110],"folds":[1114],"random-convolutional-kernel":[1118],"family,":[1123],"trails":[1127],"raw":[1129],"all":[1132],"ten":[1133],"test":[1134],"one-byte":[1139],"two-thousand-feature":[1143],"should,":[1145],"never":[1149],"claimed":[1150],"otherwise.":[1151],"shape":[1156],"gap:":[1159],"progression,":[1163],"bytes,":[1186],"four-fifths":[1189],"gain":[1192],"clean":[1199],"plateau":[1200],"after":[1201],"roughly":[1206,1471],"500\u00d7":[1207],"table":[1214],"lookup,":[1215],"methods":[1219],"converging":[1220],"already-saturated":[1222],"tasks.":[1223],"deployer":[1225,1299],"picks":[1226],"short,":[1232],"monotone,":[1233],"diminishing-returns":[1234],"curve":[1235],"choosing":[1238],"between":[1239],"\"one":[1240],"byte\"":[1241],"\"a":[1243],"classifier.\"":[1245],"honest":[1247],"nuance":[1248],"sharpens":[1249],"boundary:":[1251],"(the":[1260],"downhill)":[1263],"costlier":[1267],"(0.957)":[1270],"so":[1272],"limit":[1278],"representation,":[1282],"task,":[1286],"which":[1287,1370],"trade":[1292],"exists":[1295],"let":[1297],"price.":[1300],"Three":[1302],"reusable":[1303],"methods,":[1304],"result.":[1308],"Beyond":[1309],"token,":[1311],"contributes":[1314],"shuffle-null":[1320],"subtraction":[1321],"isolates":[1323],"guard":[1329],"study":[1331],"estimating":[1332],"discrete":[1336],"should":[1342],"adopt":[1343],"making":[1345],"claim);":[1348],"oracle-versus-realizable":[1350],"construction":[1351],"(grant":[1352],"candidate":[1354],"upper":[1358],"then":[1360],"show":[1361],"honest,":[1363],"validation-selected":[1364],"reach":[1367],"forecloses":[1371],"\"you":[1373],"under-tuned":[1374],"baseline\"":[1376],"objection":[1377],"raised);":[1381],"predict-before-building":[1384],"(answer":[1386],"\"will":[1387],"bigger":[1389,1407],"model":[1390],"help?\"":[1391],"cheaply,":[1392],"modest":[1395],"labeled":[1396],"sample,":[1397],"stated":[1400],"error":[1401],"rate,":[1402],"ahead":[1403],"building":[1405],"model).":[1408],"Each":[1409],"small,":[1411],"general,":[1412],"separable":[1414],"specific":[1417],"encoder.":[1418],"contract,":[1422],"findings.":[1425],"map":[1427],"distils":[1428],"into":[1429],"testable":[1430],"rules:":[1431],"size":[1432],"for":[1435],"(\u22480.4":[1440],"256":[1444],"has;":[1447],"do":[1448],"try":[1450],"out-place":[1452],"k-means;":[1454],"add":[1455],"laddering":[1458],"axis":[1461],"channels,":[1463],"time,":[1464],"or":[1465],"now":[1466],"expect":[1470]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-11-05T00:00:00"}
